On December 29, 1911, the Mongols seceded from the Manchu Empire, proclaimed their independence, and elevated Bogdo Jebtsundamba Khutuktu as the Emperor of Mongolia, ending 220 years of Manchu rule. The Mongols have almost forgotten at present the Eighth Bogdo Jebtsundamba Khutuktu who initiated, organized and led that historical event. He was vehemently decried and was given various names such as 'the feudal' and 'the blind' during Mongolia's recent socialist past. He was even depicted until his death as a sworn enemy of Mongolia's independence. An attempt was made in this work to show, as objectively as possible and on the basis of archival sources, the contribution of the Eighth Bogdo Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, Mongolia's last Emperor to the struggle for Mongolia's independence, the commencement and culmination of Mongolia's national revolution of 1911, the relationship between the Bogdo khaan and the People's Government, the death of the Bogdo khaan and the attempts to identify his reincarnation and the confiscation of Bogdo's properties. We should never forget that the Bogdo khaan was the leader of the Mongols' religion, an Emperor who wielded power in both the state and church since 1911, an extraordinary leader and a father of Mongolia's national revolution. This work will interest historians of Asia, Mongolia, Russia and, the Soviet Union, and those tracing the journey from empire to nation.

Explores Mongolian history Traces the journey from empire to nationhood Describes the links of politics and religion in Mongolia

Autorentext

Prof. Batsaikhan Ookhnoi is working since 2000 at the Institute of Interna-tional studies, MAS. Graduted University of Irkutsk, Russia (1985), obtained PhD in Mongolian history on the topic "The national democratic course of development in Mongolia, 1921-1932" (1995) and Sc.D on the topic "Mongolian Independence and Kyakhta agreement of 1915 between China, Russia and Mongolia’ (1911-1916)" (2002) in Mongolian Academy of Sciences. He was a Visiting Professor at Cambridge University, UK (2010; 2025), Shimonoseki City University (2017), Humboldt Univer-sity (2004; 2015), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (2012), Tohoku University (2004-2005). His the recent publications, Ookhnoi, B. (2025). Developing a new national narrative for Mongolia: Grappling with the meaning of the 1921 ‘Mongolian people’s revolution.’ Asian Affairs, 56(4), 874–907. Russian Policy Towards Mongolia, 1911–1952: When Mongolia Fought the Red; Springer Verlag, Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2025, ISBN-13: 9789819661855, 978-9819661855. "The Time of the Eighth Bogd Jebtsundamba as the climax of the Jebtsundamba institutions in (Halh) Mongolia", Études mongoles et sibériennes, centrasiatiques et tibétaines [En ligne], 55 | 2024, mis en ligne le 19 août 2024, consulté le 09 décembre 2025. Bogdo Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, The last emperor of Mongolia, UB: Admon, 2011 [2008], Second edition, revised. Diary of I.Ia.Korostovets, Russian Plenipotentiary in Mongolia in 1912-1913, Com. by Batsaikhan O. UB: Admon, 2009. Mongolian inde-pendence and Kiakhta Agreement of 1915 Between China, Russia and Mongolia. UB: Admon, 2002.

Inhalt

CONTENT.- Foreword on the revised edition.- Foreword by the Editor.- Glossary of the Mongolian terms used in the book.- One. Assessment of the activities of the eigth Bogdo Jebtsundamba Khutuktu,.- leader of the Mongolian national revolution of 1911.- • Secret mission sent by the Bogdo Gegeen to Russia.- • Bibliographic notes on the Bogd khaan.- • Missing pages in the biography of the eighth Bogdo Jebtsundamba Khutuktu.- Two. Mongolia's situation at the turn of 20th century or pre-conditions for Mongolia's national revolution - • Dalai Lama In Mongolia and Russian policy towards Mongolia.- • Mongols' struggle against Manchu policies.- • Lamas' riot in Khuree.- • The meeting of Moscow expedition members with the Bogdo.- Three. Pre - 1911 national revolutionary period or the.- Activities of the Provisional Administrative Office.- for Khalkha Khuree Affairs.- Four. Sandowa, the last Manchu amban who resided in and was expelled from Khuree.- Five. Six persons who siezed state power from Manchu authorities.- • Tushee gung Chagdarjav.- • Jung wang Gombosuren.- • Beis Gombosuren.- • Wang Tsedensonom.- • Gung Namsrai.- • Da lama Tserenchimed.- • Erdene wang Khanddorj.- • Gung Khaisan.- Six. The culmination of the Mongolian national revolution of 1911 or the.- enthronement of the Bogdo Jebtsundamba Khutuktu as the Emperor.- of Mongolia.- • The state great ceremony.- • Blessing and good wishes offered by mediating official when the Bogdo Jebtsundamba khutuktu was enthroned.- • Decree by Sunshiny Bogdo khaan, patron of religion, savior sentient beings and wielder of power in church and state of the Mongolia elevated by many.- • Historical sources on the Mongolian National Revolution of 1911.- • World press reports on Mongolia's independence.- Seven. The symbols of the new power: The gifts presented to the Bogdo.- Jebtsundamba khutuktu on the occasion of his elevation to the throne of.- Mongolia's emperor.- • Seven jewels of monarchy.- • Bogdo khaan's seal.- • Bogdo's golden diploma.- • On the reign title of 'elevated by many' And mongolian tradition.- • West gher-palace as symbol of the foundation for the Mongolian state.- Eight. The Bogdo Government's first international treaty or the.- 1912 treaty of friendship between Mongolia and Russia.- • Mongolia's situation before the conclusion of Friendship Treaty.- • Conclusion of Friendship Treaty Between Russia and Mongolia.- • Period Following the Friendship Treaty of 1912.- • The First Map of the Mongolia of the XXth Century.- Nine. On the domestic activities of the Bogdo Government.- Ten. First foreign policy step of the Bogdo khaan's Government.- • State visit of Mongolia's Foreign Minister to Russia.- • Mongols who joined bogdo khaan's Mongolia.- • Visit of Mongolia's Premier to the Russian Empire.- Eleven. Mongolian and Tibetan treaty as foreign policy act of the Bogdo's Government.- Twelve. Letter of the Bogdo Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, Emperor of Mongolia to His Majesty, Emperor of Japan.- Thirteen. The Bogdo khaan and the Sino-Russo Mongolian.- Khyakhta tripartite treaty of 1915.- • The tripartite kyakhta treaty as described in historical documents.- • Conclusion of the Khyakhta tripartite treaty.- • Loyal hero Bavuujav opposed to the Khyakta treaty.- • Comments on the Kyakhta tripartite treaty.- Fourteen. Post-Khyakta activities of the Bogdo's Government.- Fifteen. The Bogdo khaan and Baron Ungern.- • Invasion of Chinese forces into Mongolia.- • Mongols start plotting to free themselves from the Chinese.- • Baron Ungern crosses into Mongolia.- • The Chinese imprison the Bogdo.- • Liberation of Khuree by Ungern.- Sixteen. The Bogdo and the People's Government.- Seventeen. The passing away of the Bogdo.- Eighteen. Bogdo's properties.- • On the funds of Bogdo Jebtsundamba Khutuktu.- • Bogdo's treasury.- Nineteen. Expropriation of Bogdo's properties.- Twenty. Bogdo's library.- Twenty one. On Bogdo's reincarnation.- Will include last reincarnated Tenth Bogdo Jebtsundamaba's biography /2023/.- Twenty two. Bogdo's children.- Conclusion.- Annexes:.- 1. Profile provided on Bogdo khaan by v. Lyuba, Consul.- General of Russia in Nisslel Khuree.- 2. Russo-Mongolian Friendship Agreement concluded by Bogdo's Government.- 3. Copies of the Russian and Mongolian originals.- of the Russo-Mongolian Friendship Agreement.- 4. Copies of the Mongolian and Tibetan originals.- of the Mongolian and Tibetan treaty of 1913.- 5. Copies of the French, Mongolian, Russian and Chinese originals of the Sino…