Many of the papers in this volume were first presented at the Third International Great Apes of the World Conference, held July 3-6, 1998 in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. The editors of this volume, the first in a two-volume series, are world renowned, having dedicated most of their lives to the study of great apes. The world's premiere primatologists, ethologists, and anthropologists present the most recent research on both captive and free-ranging African great apes. These scientists, through deep personal commitment and sacrifice, have expanded their knowledge of chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas. With forests disappearing, many of these studies will never be duplicated. This volume, and all in the Developments in Primatology book series, aim to broaden and deepen the understanding of this valuable cause.

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Dedication. Acknowledgments. Preface. Volume Overview. Section One: Issues in Ape and Human Evolution. Introduction to Section One. 1. African Apes as Time Machines; R. Wrangham, D. Pilbeam. 2. Primate Divergence Times; A. Janke, U. Arnason. 3. The Cerebellum: An Asset to Hominoid Cognition; C.E. MacLeod, et al. Section Two - Bonobos, The `Forgotten Ape'?. Introduction to Section Two. 4. The Status of the Bonobo (Pan Paniscus) in the Democratic Republic of Congo; J. Dupain, L. Van Elsacker. 5. Status of Bonobos in their Southernmost Geographic Range; J.A. Myers Thompson. 6. Current Situation of Bonobos in the Luo Reserve, Equateur, Democratic Republic of Congo; C. Hashimoto, T. Furuichi. Section Three: Chimpanzees, the Best-Known Ape. Introduction to Section Three. 7. Pan in Pandemonium; S.T. Boysen, T. Butynski. 8. Predation of Mammals by the Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania; K. Hosaka, et al. 9. Representational Capacities in Chimpanzees: Numerical and Spatial Reasoning; S.T. Boysen, V.A. Kuhlmeier. Section Four: Gorillas, the Greatest of the Apes. Introduction to Section Four. 10. The Status of Gorillas Worldwide; F.G.P. Patterson, M.L. Matevia. 11. Twenty-Seven Years of Project Koko and Michael; F.G.P. Patterson, W. Gordon. 12. Who's in Charge? Observations of Social Behavior in a Captive Group of Western Lowland Gorillas; T.A. Stein. Section Five: Physiological Bases for Behavior and Aging: Great Apes and Humans. Introduction to Section Five. 13. The Great Ape Aging Project: A Resource for Comparative Study of Behavior, Cognition, Health, and Neurobiology; J.M. Erwin, et al. 14. An International Database for the Study of Diabetes, Obesity, and Aging in Great Apes and Other Nonhuman Primates; R. Martens, et al. 15. Studies of Age-Related Neuronal Pathology in Great Apes; D.P. Perl, et al. 16. Metabolites of Ovarian Hormones and Behavioral Correlated in Captive Female Bonobos (Pan Paniscus); M.H. Jurke, et al. 17. Sexual Motivation of Male Chimpanzees During the Female Cycle, Including Preliminary Data on Age Effects; R.D. Nadler. Section Six: The Bushmeat Crisis: African Apes at Risk. Introduction to Section Six. 18. Bushmeat, Primate Kinship, and the Global Conservation Movement; A.L. Rose. 19. Status of the Proposed Lomako Forest Bonobo Reserve: A Case Study of the Bushmeat Trade; J. Dupain, L. Van Elsacker. 20. What Happened to Gorilla Gorilla Uellensis? A Preliminary Investigation; K. Ammann, N. Briggs. 21. Apes, Persons, and Bioethics; P. Singer, P. Cavalieri. Index.