Underwater vehicles and underwater moorings are increasing in tactical importance. As such, it is critical to have a robust and secure communication system connecting underwater vehicles on a long seaborne mission and a ground station. As a matter of fact, the deployment of efficient communication links with underwater vehicles is one of the greatest technological challenges presently confronted by the world's naval forces. To circumvent most of the limitations involved in the use of RF or acoustic channels for perfectly secure communications with underwater vehicles, it is worth considering the feasibility of an optical channel to facilitate a two-way satellite communication link secured via perfectly secure ciphers enabled by a quantum key distribution protocol. This book offers a concise review of underwater communications systems. Our approach is pedagogical, making a strong emphasis on the physics behind the attenuating properties of the oceanic environment and the propagation of electromagnetic signals in the ELF, VLF, and optical bands. We assume the reader is familiar with the basic principles of classical electrodynamics and optics. The system design, components, and noise analysis of an underwater optical communications device are discussed in detail. Furthermore, we offer simulations of the performance of the communication system for different types of ocean waters. Our final conclusion is that it appears to be feasible to design and build underwater communications using optical classical and quantum channels secured with quantum key distribution protocols. Table of Contents: Introduction / Electrodynamics of Attenuating Media / Underwater Communication Channels / Underwater Optical Communications: Technology / Underwater Optical Communications: Noise Analysis / Underwater Optical Communications: System Performance / Underwater Quantum Communications / Conclusions PDF (1764 KB) PDF Plus (1444 KB)

Autorentext

Dr. Marco Lanzagorta is Technical Fellow and Director of the Quantum Technologies Group of ITT Corporation. In addition, Dr. Lanzagorta is an Affiliate Associate Professor at George Mason University and co-editor of the Synthesis Lectures on Quantum Computing published by Morgan & Claypool. Dr. Lanzagorta received a PhD in theoretical physics from Oxford University and in the past he worked at the US Naval Research Laboratory, the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Switzerland, and the International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Italy. Dr. Stephen Bique is a computer scientist in the Center for Computational Science at the US Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC. He received a PhD in Computer Science from the University of Joensuu in Finland. Previously, Dr. Bique was Associate Professor at Virginia State University, Assistant Professor at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and he held a comparable position at the University of Kuopio in Finland. Hehas also worked as software developer and consultant for PACT Corporation in Munich, Germany on the "XP128" reconfigurable system-on-a-chip. Dr. Stephen Bique is a computer scientist in the Center for Computational Science at the US Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC. He received a PhD in Computer Science from the University of Joensuu in Finland. Previously, Dr. Bique was Associate Professor at Virginia State University, Assistant Professor at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and he held a comparable position at the University of Kuopio in Finland. He has also worked as software developer and consultant for PACT Corporation in Munich, Germany on the "XP128" reconfigurable system-on-a-chip.

Inhalt
Introduction.- Electrodynamics of Attenuating Media.- Underwater Communication Channels.- Underwater Optical Communications: Technology.- Underwater Optical Communications: Noise Analysis.- Underwater Optical Communications: System Performance.- Underwater Quantum Communications.- Conclusions.