Leukolysins and Cancer

Regulation of malignant cell growth by the immune system has been extensively studied by cancer researchers hoping to develop immuno therapeutic approaches to cancer management. For years these studies revolved around the recognition and destruction of tumors by cytotox. ic immune effector cells. Recently, however, attention has focused on the leukolysins, which are the soluble cytotoxic molecules secreted by activated leukocytes, because of their anticancer activities. The purpose of this book is to give an overview of the ieukolysins, with emphasis on their ability to regulate malignant cell growth. Because this is such a new field in cancer research, there remains some confusion regarding the tenninology of. and biological activity ascribed to, the different leukolysins. Therefore, we sought to present a comprehensive review of the leukolysins currently under intensive study and to compare and contrast their biological activities in an attempt to clarify the nature of these diverse biological species. This book is intended for both immunologists conducting basic research and clinical oncologists, since it reviews not only the clinical applications of the leukolysins, but presents a current update on those leukolysins that are in early developmental stages of research and could enter into clinical trials in a few years. The introduction gives an overview of the status of research on the leukolysins. In the first section, the biological activities and biochemical characteristics of the leukolysins are presented. The lymphokines.

Inhalt

1. Biology and Biochemistry.- Cytolytic Pore-Forming Proteins.- Cytolysin: Its Purification, Biological Properties, and Mechanisms of Action.- Monocyte Cytotoxic Factors.- Triggering of a Cytolytic Factor with TNF-Like Activity From Human Monocytes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Results and Discussion.- 2.3. Target-Cell Selectivity and Capacity to Induce CM Production in Monocytes.- References.- Antitumor Monocyte Cytotoxic Factors (MCF) Produced by Human Blood Monocytes: Production, Characterization, and Biological Significance.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Generation of MCF.- 3. Lytic Activity of MCF.- 4. Biochemical and Biophysical Characteristics of MCF.- 5. Biological Significance of MCF.- 6. Conclusion.- References.- Antiproliferative Effects of Interferon.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Structure of Interferon.- 3. Interferon Receptors.- 4. Mechanisms of Action.- 5. In Vitro Antiproliferative Effects.- 6. Structure-Function Relationships.- 7. In Vivo Tumor Biology.- 8. Conclusion.- References.- Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Factor.- Human and Rodent Natural Killer Cytotoxic Factors (NKCF): Characterization and Their Role in the NK Lytic Mechanism.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials and Methods.- 3. Results and Discussion.- 4. Concluding Remarks.- References.- Human Natural Killer Cytotoxic Factor (NKCF): Relevance, Mode of Action, and Relationship to Other Cytotoxic Factors.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Results.- 3. Discussion.- References.- Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Factor.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Biology of NKCF.- 3. Biochemistry of NKCF.- 4. Mechanism of Action of NKCF.- 5. Future Studies.- References.- Leukoregulin.- Leukoregulin: Biology, Biochemistry, and Mode of Action.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Biology of Leukoregulin.- 3. Physicochemical Characteristics of Leukoregulin.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- Leukoregulin Mechanisms of Anticancer Action.- 1. Discovery of Leukoregulin.- 2. Assays Defining Leukoregulin Activity.- 3. Preparation of Leukoregulin.- 4. Pathways of Leukoregulin Action.- 5. Role of Leukoregulin in Homeostasis and Pathophysiology.- 6. Therapeutic Implications and Research Directions.- References.- Lymphotoxins: Mediators of Cellular Activation, Inflammation, and Cell Lysis That Are Immunologically Related to Macrophage Toxins and Tumor Necrosis Factors.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Studies of Lymphotoxin from Normal Lymphocytes.- 3. Immunological Relationships of LT-1, LT-2, LT-3, MCT, and TNF.- 4. Effects of Lymphotoxins on Cells In Vitro.- 5. Antitumor Effects of Lymphotoxins In Vivo.- 6. Lymphotoxins as Inducers of Inflammation.- 7. Conclusion.- References.- Tumor Necrosis Factors Alpha and Beta: A Family of Biochemically Related Cytokines.- 1. History of Tumor Necrosis Factors.- 2. Nomenclature: In Vivo Necrosis Activities.- 3. HuTNF-? and HuTNF-?: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.- 4. Summary.- References.- 2. Clinical Applications Interferons.- Clinical Aspects of Interferon Therapy in Human Cancer.- Antiproliferative and Clinical Antitumor Effects of Interferons.- Biologic Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factors Alpha and Beta.- Leukoregulin: Potential as a Clinical Cancer Therapeutic Agent.