Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants

There has been an explosion of research related to free radicals and antioxidants in recent years, and hundreds of laboratories worldwide are actively involved in many as pects of free radicals, oxidative stress, and antioxidants. The literature on these topics in creases exponentially every year. Over the last few years, we have been fortunate to witness a widespread recognition of the important role of free radicals in a wide variety of pathological conditions including diseases such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and neurological diseases, ischemia, emphysema, diabetes, radiation injury, cancer, etc. In ad dition, many laboratories are studying the role of free radicals in the inexorable process of aging. Increased evidence involves free radicals with the etiology of various diseases, thereby suggesting the use of antioxidants as a viable therapeutic approach for the treat ment of free radical mediated pathologies. Despite these impressive developments, many important aspects of free radical and antioxidant research are open for investigation. It is important to understand the overall mechanisms involved in free radical mediated physiological and pathological conditions. This knowledge will undoubtedly lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches to prevent or control free radical related diseases. This book contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on "Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Pathological and Physiological Sig nificance," which was held in Antalya, Turkey from May 24-June 4, 1997.

Klappentext

Proceedings of a NATO ASI held in Antalya, Turkey, May 24-June 4, 1997

Zusammenfassung
Proceedings of a NATO ASI held in Antalya, Turkey, May 24-June 4, 1997

Inhalt

1. Iron in Free Radical Reactions and Antioxidant Protection.- 2. Non-Chelation Dependent Redox Actions of Desferrioxamine.- 3. The Effects of Oxidative Stress on the Redox System of the Human Erythrocyte.- 4. Free Radicals as Reagents for Electron Transfer Processes in Proteins.- 5. Free Radical Mediated Oxidation of Proteins.- 6. Nitric Oxide Regulation of Membrane and Lipoprotein Oxidation in the Vasculature: A Radical Hypothesis.- 7. Apolipoprotein E Oxidation through Enzymes Localized into the Brain.- 8. Flavonoid Radicals.- 9. The Molecular Mechanism of Interaction of H2O2 with Metmyoglobin.- 10. Are Free Radicals Involved in the Expression of Adhesion Molecules?.- 11. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Alteration of F0F1,ATP Synthase in Aging and Liver Regeneration.- 12. Free Radicals and Antioxidants in Physical Exercise.- 13. The Role of Free Radical Mediation of Protein Oxidation in Aging and Disease.- 14. Oxidative Damage and Fibrosclerosis in Various Tissues.- 15. The Role of Free Radicals in Ischemic Injury and the Precondition Status.- 16. Oxidative Damage and Reperfusion Syndrome in Human Liver Transplantation.- 17. Pathophysiology of Cerebral Ischemia: Mechanisms Involved in Neuronal Damage.- 18. The Role of Free Radicals in NMDA and Glutamate Excitotoxicity.- 19. The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathological Sequelae of Alzheimer Disease.- 20. Brain Cytochrome Oxidase Activity and How It Relates to the Pathophysiology of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease.- 21. The Role of Free Radicals Damage to the Optic Nerve and Vitreous after Ischemia.- 22. Mechanisms of Antioxidant Action.- 23. Repair Systems and Inducible Defenses against Oxidant Stress.- 24. The PushPull Mechanism: Protection against Site-Specific and Transition Metal-MediatedDamage.- 25. Protective Effects of Superoxide Dismutase Related to Its Preferential Binding to Monocytes.- 26. Ubiquinol: An Endogenous Lipid-Soluble Antioxidant in Animal Tissues.- 27. Lycopene and ?-Carotene: Bioavailability and Biological Effects.- 28. Carotenoid Properties Define Primary Biological Actions and Metabolism Defines Secondary Biological Actions.- 29. Prevention of Atherosclerosis by ?-Tocopherol in Smooth Muscle Cells by a Mechanism Involving Signal Transduction Modulation.- 30. Potential Effects of Dietary Vitamin E in Laboratory Animal Diets on Results Obtained in Models of Disease.- 31. EPR Spectroscopy of Phenolic Plant Antioxidants.- 32. Clastogenic Factors as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress: Their Usefulness for Evaluation of the Efficacy of Antioxidant Treatments.- 33. Chemiluminescence Measurements for the Detection of Free Radical Species.