Molecular-Scale Electronics

Provides in-depth knowledge on molecular electronics and emphasizes the techniques for designing molecular junctions with controlled functionalities

This comprehensive book covers the major advances with the most general applicability in the field of molecular electronic devices. It emphasizes new insights into the development of efficient platform methodologies for building such reliable devices with desired functionalities through the combination of programmed bottom-up self-assembly and sophisticated top-down device fabrication. It also helps to develop an understanding of the device fabrication processes and the characteristics of the resulting electrode-molecule interface.

Beginning with an introduction to the subject, Molecular-Scale Electronics: Concept, Fabrication and Applications offers full chapter coverage on topics such as: Metal Electrodes for Molecular Electronics; Carbon Electrodes for Molecular Electronics; Other Electrodes for Molecular Electronics; Novel Phenomena in Single-Molecule Junctions; and Supramolecular Interactions in Single-Molecule Junctions. Other chapters discuss Theoretical Aspects for Electron Transport through Molecular Junctions; Characterization Techniques for Molecular Electronics; and Integrating Molecular Functionalities into Electrical Circuits. The book finishes with a summary of the primary challenges facing the field and offers an outlook at its future.

• Summarizes a number of different approaches for forming molecular-scale junctions and discusses various experimental techniques for examining these nanoscale circuits in detail

• Gives overview of characterization techniques and theoretical simulations for molecular electronics

• Highlights the major contributions and new concepts of integrating molecular functionalities into electrical circuits

• Provides a critical discussion of limitations and main challenges that still exist for the development of molecular electronics

• Suited for readers studying or doing research in the broad fields of Nano/molecular electronics and other device-related fields

  Molecular-Scale Electronics is an excellent book for materials scientists, electrochemists, electronics engineers, physical chemists, polymer chemists, and solid-state chemists. It will also benefit physicists, semiconductor physicists, engineering scientists, and surface chemists.

  Autorentext

Xuefeng Guo, PhD*, is a Professor at Peking University, China. His current research is focused on functional nanometer/molecular devices. Professor Guo has authored over 170 scientific publications and has received numerous scientific awards. **Dong Xiang, PhD*, is a Professor in the College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University. His current research interests focus on single molecule studies and optoelectronic molecular devices. *Yu Li, PhD,* is a research scientist in the College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering at Peking University, China. Her research interest includes single-molecule device physics and biophysics.

Inhalt
1 Introduction 1

References 4

2 Metal Electrodes for Molecular Electronics 7

2.1 Single-Molecule Junctions 7

2.1.1 Scanning Probe Microscopy Break Junctions 7

2.1.1.1 Beyond Traditional SPM Break Junctions 13

2.1.1.2 Applications of SPM Beyond Electron Transport 16

2.1.2 Mechanically Controllable Break Junctions 19

2.1.2.1 Work Principle and Advantages 19

2.1.2.2 MCBJ Chip Fabrication 23

2.1.2.3 MCBJ Applications 25

2.1.3 Electromigration Breakdown Junctions 32

2.1.3.1 Device Fabrication 33

2.1.3.2 Gap Size Control 34

2.1.3.3 Electromigration Applications 37

2.1.4 Electrochemical Deposition Junctions 40

2.1.5 Surface-Diffusion-Mediated Deposition Junctions 43

2.2 Ensemble Molecular Junctions 45

2.2.1 Lift-and-Float Approach 45

2.2.2 Liquid Metal Contact 47

2.2.3 Nanopore and Nanowell 50

2.2.4 On-Wire Lithography 52

2.2.5 Transfer Printing Techniques 54

2.2.6 Self-Aligned Lithography 60

2.2.7 Buffer Interlayer-Based Junction 62

2.2.8 On-Edge Molecular Junction 65

2.2.9 Suspended-Wire Molecular Junctions 68

References 71

3 Carbon Electrodes for Molecular Electronics 93

3.1 Carbon Nanotube-Based Electrodes 93

3.1.1 Electrical Breakdown 94

3.1.2 Lithography-Defined Oxidative Cutting 98

3.2 Graphene-Based Electrodes 102

3.2.1 Electroburning 103

3.2.2 Dash-Line Lithography 103

3.3 Other Carbon-Based Electrodes 107

References 109

4 Other Electrodes for Molecular Electronics 113

4.1 Silicon-Based Electrodes 113

4.2 Polymer-Based Electrodes 116

References 117

5 Novel Phenomena in Single-Molecule Junctions 119

5.1 Quantum Interference 119

5.1.1 Prediction of QI Effects 119

5.1.2 Signature of Quantum Interference 120

5.1.3 Different Transport Pathways 123

5.1.4 Chemical Design to Tune Quantum Interference 124

5.2 Coulomb Blockade and Kondo Resonance 125

5.3 Thermoelectricity 128

5.4 ElectronicPlasmonic Conversion 130

References 132

6 Supramolecular Interactions in Single-Molecule Junctions 137

6.1 Hydrogen Bonds 137

6.2 Stacking Interactions 140

6.3 HostGuest Interactions 144

6.4 Charge-Transfer Interactions 149

References 152

7 Characterization Techniques for Molecular Electronics 157

7.1 Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy 157

7.1.1 History and Background 158

7.1.2 IETS Measurement 160

7.1.3 IETS Applications 163

7.2 TemperatureLengthVariable Transport Measurement 166

7.3 Noise Spectroscopy 170

7.3.1 Thermal Noise and Shot Noise 171

7.3.2 GenerationRecombination and Flicker Noise 172

7.3.3 Noise Spectroscopy Measurements 173

7.3.4 Application of Noise Spectroscopy 174

7.4 Optical and Optoelectronic Spectroscopy 180

7.4.1 Raman Spectroscopy 180

7.4.2 UltravioletVisible Spectroscopy 182

7.4.3 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 183

7.4.4 Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy 184

7.5 Data Characterization Approaches 185

7.5.1 Transition Voltage Spectroscopy 185

7.5.1.1 TVS Models 185

7.5.1.2 Applications of TVS 188

7.5.2 One Dimensional (1D), Two Dimensional (2D) Histogram and QuB 191

References 195

8 Theoretical Aspects for Electron Transport Through Molecular Junctions 209

8.1 Theoretical Description of the Tunneling Process 209

8.2 Electron Transport Mechanism 212 ...