Metabolic Compartmentation and Neurotransmission

The first symposium on metabolic compartmentation in brain was held at the Rockefeller Foundation, Bellagio, Italy, July 11-16, 1971; the proceedings CR. Balazs and J. E. Cremer, editors, MacMillan) appeared in 1973. At the conclusion of the first symposium it was decided to assess in 2-3 years the progress in this rapidly developing area. This volume represents the proceedings of an Advanced Study Institute, made possible by a grant from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Scientific Affairs Division. Additional generous support by the Wellcome Trust allowed attendance by participants from non-NATO countries. S. Ber! D. D. Clarke D. Schneider xi Introduction The term metabolic compartmentation, as related to the chemistry of the brain, appeared in print for the first time about 15 years ago. The concept was developed in the laboratory of Dr. Heinrich Waelsch as a result of studies related to the metabolism of glutamic acid and glutamine. It was welcomed by a number of neurochemists who felt that the concept had validity and would help explain metabolic phenomena that were otherwise quite puzzling. The concept gradually achieved general acceptance, and by 1971 the amount of information that could profit by being examined from the point of view of metabolic compartmentation had increased sufficiently to warrant a symposium on the subject ("Metabolic Compartmentation in the Brain," Balazs and Cremer, eds. , MacMillan, 1973). Almost all the participants at that initial symposium were present at the second, on which this volume is based.

Inhalt

1 Glutamic Acid, a Putative Neurotransmitter of Cerebellar Granule Cells: Evidence from the Virally Induced Granuloprival Cerebellum.- 2 Gamma-Aminobutyric and Glutamic Acids as Mammalian Central Transmitters.- 3 Neurochemical Evidence for Glycine as a Transmitter and a Model for Its Intrasynaptosomal Compartmentation.- 4 Uptake and Localization of Transmitter Amino Acids in the Nervous System.- 5 Glial Transport of Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Candidates.- 6 The Localization of Glutamate Decarboxylase, Choline Acetyltransferase, and Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase in Mammalian and Invertebrate Nervous Tissue.- 7 Uptake of Transmitter Candidates as an Approach to Their Localization.- 8 The Olfactory Pathway as a Model Cerebral System.- 9 Techniques for Separation of Neurons and Glia and Their Application to Metabolic Studies.- 10 Compartmentation of Striatal Dopamine: Problems in Assessing the Dynamics of Functional and Storage Pools of Transmitters.- 11 Regulation of Synthesis and Release Processes in Central Catecholaminergic Neurons.- 12 Cyclic AMP and Protein Phosphorylation in the Central Nervous System in Relation to Synaptic Function.- 13 Ortho- and Retrograde Trophic Effects on Adrenergic Neurons: Regulation of Enzyme Synthesis by the Activity of Preganglionic Fibers and Retrograde Axonal Transport of Nerve Growth Factor.- 14 Contractile Proteins in Relation to Transmitter Release.- 15 Physiology of CNS Tissues in Culture.- 16 The Culture of Established Clones for Neurobiology Investigation.- 17 Introduction to Simulation Techniques in Neurochemistry.- 18 Metabolic Compartmentation in the Brain and Effects of Metabolic Inhibitors.- 19 Factors Affecting the Development of Metabolic Compartmentation in the Brain.- 20 Effect of 1-Hydroxy-3-Aminopyrrolidone-2 and other CNS Depressants on Metabolic Compartmentation in the Brain.- 21 (i) Biochemical Dissection of the Cerebellum-Introduction.- 21 (ii) Biochemical Dissection of the Cerebellum-Subcellular Fractionation of Rat Cerebellum. Electron Microscopy: A Guide and Safeguard.- 21 (iii) Biochemical Dissection of the Cerebellum-Enzyme Composition of Subcellular Fractions, Including Complex Structures Derived from the Cerebellar Glomeruli.- 21 (iv) Biochemical Dissection of the Cerebellum-Functional Properties of the "Glomerulus Particles".- 21 (v) Biochemical Dissection of the Cerebellum-Isolation of Perikarya from the Cerebellum with Weil-Preserved Ultrastructure.- 22 Ethanol and Its Relation to Amino Acid Metabolism in Brain.- 23 An Experimental Model of CNS Changes Associated with Chronic liver Disease: Portocaval Anastomosis in the Rat.- 24 Further Support for the Subdivision of the Small Metabolic Compartment: Effect of Halothane.- 25 Compartmentation of Citric Acic Cycle and Related Enzymes in Distinct Populations of Rat Brain Mitochondria.- 26 Relationship between Amino Acid and Catecholamine Metabolism in Brain.- 27 A Model of Glutamate Metabolism in Brain: A Biochemical Analysis of a Heterogeneous Structure.- 28 Glucose and Ketone-Body Utilization in Young Rat Brain: A Compartmental Analysis of Isotopic Data.- 29 Transmethylation and Transsulfuration Enzymes in Rat Brain: Their Subcellular Distribution.- 30 Some Processes Involved in Regulating the Function of Brain 5-Hydroxytryptamine.- 31 The Kinetics of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid Excretion from Rat Brain and CSF: Preliminary Studies and Multicompartment Analysis.- 32 Synthesis and Storage of Acetylcholine in Cholinergic Nerve Terminals.- 33 The Origin and Some Possible Mechanisms of the Release of Acetylcholine at Synapses.- 34 Dynamics of Acetylcholine Compartments at Rest and During Nerve Activity.- 35 Preferential Release of Newly Synthesized Acetylcholine by Cortex Slices from Rat Brain.- 36 Maturation and Aging of Vertebrate Neurons.