Polymers as Electrooptical and Photooptical Active Media

Leading international experts survey the recent significant theoretical and experimental developments in the synthesis, physico-chemical study and potential applications of electroresponsive and photooptical active polymers. Attention is focused on materials for information technique, optical data storage, optoelectronics and holography. Written by authors from the academic and industry, the book is intended for polymer scientists, engineers and technologists in polymer science. Interdisciplinary in nature it will be also of interest to students, researchers and practitioners in polymer science, photochemistry, materials science, optics and liquid crystals.

Texte du rabat

Polymeric materials have special advantages over other materials used for the recording, storage and retrieval of information, telecommunication transmission and visualization of images. The authors describe the synthesis, the physico-chemical behavior and the applications of these highly sensitive macromolecular systems. They discuss the most essential developments in this field.
For scientists and professionals working in the field of electrooptical and photooptical polymeric materials.

Contenu

1 Photochemical Hole Burning and Photooptical Properties of Doped Dye Molecules in Linear Polymers.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Photochemical Hole Burning of Dye/Polymer Systems.- 1.2.1 Hole Burning Mechanisms.- 1.2.2 High-Temperature Hole Burning and Thermal Stability of Holes.- 1.2.3 Photon-Gated Hole Burning Systems.- 1.2.4 Required Properties for PHB Materials for Practical Application.- 1.2.5 Electric-Field Readout and Holographic Detection.- 1.2.6 Single Molecule Spectroscopy.- 1.3 Photon Echo of Dye/Polymer Systems.- 1.3.1 Principle of Photon Echo.- 1.3.2 Kinds of Photon Echo Materials.- 1.4 Photoinduced Refractive Index Change and Birefringence of Dye/Polymer Systems.- 1.4.1 Photooptical Effects Induced by Photochromic Reactions.- 1.4.2 Optical Phase Conjugation Using Saturable Absorber Dyes.- 1.4.3 Photorefractive Effect of Photoconducting Electro-Optic Polymers.- 1.5 References.- 2 Comb-Shaped Polymers with Mesogenic Side Groups as Electro- and Photooptical Active Media.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Specific Features of the Molecular Structure of Functionalized Comb-Shaped Liquid-Crystalline Polymers.- 2.3 Comb-Shaped Dye-Containing Polymers with Mesogenic Side Groups.- 2.4 Electrooptical Behavior of Liquid-Crystalline Compounds.- 2.4.1 Low-Molar-Mass Liquid Crystals in Electric Fields (Field Effects).- 2.4.2 Electrooptical Effects in Comb-Shaped Liquid-Crystalline Polymers.- 2.5 Thermooptical Recording of Information on Films of Comb-Shaped Liquid-Crystalline Polymers.- 2.6 Photooptical Effects in Comb-Shaped Polymers.- 2.6.1 General Consideration.- 2.6.2 Origin of Photoinduced Optical Anisotropy.- 2.6.3 Kinetic Regularities of Photoinduced Processes.- 2.7 Summary and Outlook.- 2.8 References.- 3 Cyclic Liquid-Crystalline Siloxanes as Optical Recording Materials.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Cyclic Liquid-Crystalline Siloxanes.- 3.2.1 General Synthetic Aspects.- 3.2.2 Synthesis.- 3.2.2.1 Synthesis of Siloxanes.- 3.2.2.2 Connection of Mesogens to the Siloxane by Hydrosilylation.- 3.2.3 Synthesis of Crosslinkable Materials.- 3.3 Optical Recording with Cyclic Liquid-Crystalline Siloxanes.- 3.3.1 Permanent Recording.- 3.3.1.1 Photopolymerization.- 3.3.1.2 Photobleaching.- 3.3.1.2.1 In the Presence of Benzophenone.- 3.3.1.2.2 In the Presence of Carbon Black.- 3.3.2 Reversible Recording.- 3.3.2.1 Reversible Thermal Recording.- 3.3.2.2 Recording by cis-trans Isomerization.- 3.3.2.2.1 Materials.- 3.3.2.2.2 Determination of Holographic Material Parameters.- 3.3.2.2.3 Writing with Polarized Light.- 3.3.2.2.4 Writing with Unpolarized Light.- 3.3.2.2.5 Erasing.- 3.3.2.2.6 Sensitivity.- 3.3.2.2.7 Resolution.- 3.3.2.3 Recording of SHG-Patterns.- 3.4 References.- 4 Photoregulation of Liquid Crystal Alignment by Photochromic Molecules and Polymeric Thin Films.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Alignment Regulation by Surface-Modified Silica.- 4.2.1 Surface Modification of Silica and Cell Fabrication.- 4.2.2 Factors Affecting Alignment Regulation.- 4.2.2.1 Structure of Azobenzene Derivatives.- 4.2.2.2 Photochromic Units Other than Azobenzene Derivatives.- 4.2.2.3 Surface Photochromic Reaction and Alignment Alteration.- 4.2.2.4 Properties of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystal Cells.- 4.3 Alignment Regulation by Polymer Thin Films.- 4.3.1 Surface-Modified Polymer Thin Films.- 4.3.2 Spin-Coated Polymer Thin Films.- 4.3.3 Polymeric Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) Membranes.- 4.4 Surface-Assisted Azimuthal Alignment Regulation.- 4.4.1 Photoinduced Molecular Reorientation.- 4.4.2 Polymer Thin Films Doped with Dichroic Dyes.- 4.4.3 Photocrosslinkable Polymers.- 4.4.4 Azobenzene Molecular Layers Exposed to Polarized UV Light.- 4.4.5 Surface Azobenzenes Exposed to Polarized Visible Light.- 4.4.6 Spiropyran as a Command Molecule.- 4.4.7 Photochromic Polymer Layer.- 4.5 Future Aspects.- 4.6 References.- 5 Electric Field Poling of Nonlinear Optical Side Chain Polymers.- 5.1 Introduction: Context and Scope.- 5.2 The Electrooptical Effect in Optically Nonlinear Materials.- 5.2.1 Organic Materials.- 5.2.2 Poled Polymers.- 5.3 Theoretical Models for the Calculation of Order Parameters..- 5.3.1 General Consideration.- 5.3.2 Isotropic Model Versus Ising Model:Enhancement of Polar Order by Axial Order.- 5.3.3 Liquid-Crystalline Axial Order.- 5.3.4 Singer-Kuzyk-Sohn (SKS) Model for Mixed Rod Systems.- 5.3.5 Maier-Saupe-van der Vorst-Picken (MSVP) Model for Single Rod Systems.- 5.3.6 Influence from Dipole-Dipole Interaction.- 5.3.7 Ising Models Including Dipolar Interaction.- 5.3.8 Introduction of Pair Formation into MSVP Model.- 5.3.9 Theoretical Model of Wang (1993) Including Pair Correlation.- 5.3.10 Model of Wu (1991) to Describe Transient Phenomena.- 5.3.11 Other Models.- 5.4 Measurements of the Electrooptical Effect in Polymer Samples.- 5.4.1 Measurements During Poling.- 5.4.2 Electro-Optic Measuring Methods.- 5.5 Comparison of Experimental Results with Theory.- 5.5.1 General Consideration.- 5.5.2 Dilute Liquid-Crystalline Systems.- 5.5.3 Concentrated Isotropic Systems.- 5.5.4 Concentrated Liquid-Crystalline Systems.- 5.5.5 Other Relevant Experiments.- 5.6 Summary.- 5.7 References.