Braden and his coauthors give a comprehensive overview of the use of polymers and polymer composites as dental materials. These comprise polyelectrolyte based materials, elastomers, glassy and crystalline polymers and fibres. Such materials are used in dentistry as restorative materials, hard and soft prostheses, and impression materials. The chemistry of materials is reviewed, together with mechanical, thermal, visco-elastic and water solution properties. These properties are related to clinical performance, with emphasis on some of the difficulties inherent in developing materials for oral use. Indications are given of possible future developments.

Contenu

1 Polyelectrolyte Restorative Materials.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Polyelectrolytes.- 1.3 The Rôle of Water.- 1.4 Zinc Polycarboxylate Cements.- 1.4.1 History and Clinical Uses.- 1.4.2 Structural Studies.- 1.4.3 Studies on Adhesion.- 1.5 Glass-Ionomer Cements.- 1.5.1 History and Clinical Uses.- 1.5.2 Clinical Manipulation.- 1.5.3 Fluoride Release.- 1.5.4 Test Methods.- 1.5.5 Glasses.- 1.5.6 Polymers.- 1.5.7 Structural Studies.- 1.5.8 Biocompatibility.- 1.5.9 Reinforced Glass-Ionomers.- 1.6 Resin-Modified Glass-Ionomers.- 1.6.1 Basic Chemistry.- 1.6.2 Structural Studies.- 1.6.3 Biocompatibility.- 1.6.4 Clinical Experience.- 1.7 Conclusions.- 1.8 References.- 2 Glassy Polymers.- 2.1 Unfilled Resins.- 2.1.1 Monomer Preparation.- 2.1.2 Free Radical Polymerisation.- 2.1.3 Polymerisation by the Dough Technique.- 2.1.4 Polymerisation by Microwaves.- 2.1.5 Polymerisation by Visible Light.- 2.1.6 Physical Properties of Poly(methyl methacrylate).- 2.1.7 Mechanical Properties of Poly(methyl methacrylate).- 2.1.8 Chemical and Biological Properties of Poly(methyl methacrylate).- 2.1.9 Modified Acrylic Polymers.- 2.1.10 Higher Methacrylates.- 2.2 Filled Resins.- 2.2.1 The Monomer Phase.- 2.2.2 The Filler Phase.- 2.2.2.1 Manufacture of the Filler.- 2.2.2.2 Megafill Inserts.- 2.2.2.3 Particle Shape.- 2.2.3 Coupling Agents.- 2.2.4 The Curing System.- 2.2.4.1 Autopolymerising Systems.- 2.2.4.2 Light Cured Systems.- 2.2.4.3 Dual Cured Systems.- 2.2.5 Other Constituents.- 2.2.6 Classification of Dental Composites.- 2.2.7 Physical Properties of Composite Resins.- 2.2.8 Mechanical Properties of Composite Resins.- 2.2.9 Chemical and Biological Properties of Composite Resins.- 2.3 References.- 3 Elastomeric Materials.- 3.1 Impression Materials (M. Braden).- 3.1.1 Hydrocolloids.- 3.1.1.1 Reversible Hydrocolloids.- 3.1.1.2 Irreversible Hydrocolloids-Alginates.- 3.1.2 Elastomers.- 3.1.2.1 Condensation Silicones.- 3.1.2.2 Addition Silicones.- 3.1.2.3 Polysulphides.- 3.1.2.4 Imine Terminated Polyethers.- 3.1.2.5 A Photo-Polymerising Impression Material.- 3.1.2.6 The Future?.- 3.1.3 Physical Properties.- 3.1.3.1 Rheology.- 3.1.3.2 Stiffness of the Set Material.- 3.1.3.3 Viscoelastic Properties.- 3.1.3.4 Strength Properties.- 3.1.4 Biological Properties.- 3.1.5 General Conclusions.- 3.1.6 References.- 3.2 Soft Prosthesis Materials (S. Parker).- 3.2.1 Soft Lining Materials.- 3.2.1.1 Soft Acrylic Materials.- 3.2.1.1.1 Heat Polymerised.- 3.2.1.1.2 Room Temperature Polymerising.- 3.2.1.2 Silicone Rubber Materials.- 3.2.1.2.1 Room Temperature Polymerising.- 3.2.1.2.2 Heat Polymerising.- 3.2.1.2.3 Acetoxy-Type.- 3.2.1.2.4 Addition Silicone.- 3.2.1.3 Elastomer/Methacrylate Systems.- 3.2.1.4 Fluoroethylene Copolymers.- 3.2.1.5 Natural Rubber.- 3.2.1.6 Vinyl Resins.- 3.2.1.7 Hydrophilic Acrylic Polymers.- 3.2.1.8 Polyurethanes.- 3.2.2 Tissue Conditioners.- 3.2.3 Maxillo-Facial Prosthesis Materials.- 3.2.3.1 Silphenylene Elastomers.- 3.2.3.2 Polyurethanes.- 3.2.3.3 Chlorinated Polyethylene.- 3.2.4 Physical Properties.- 3.2.4.1 Water Uptake Characteristics.- 3.2.4.2 Viscoelastic Properties.- 3.2.4.3 Adhesion to PMMA.- 3.2.4.4 Stress/Strain Characteristics.- 3.2.4.5 Rupture Properties.- 3.2.4.6 Wettability.- 3.2.5 References.