Autorentext

Yuval Grossman and Yossi Nir

Klappentext

An authoritative, hands-on introduction to the foundational theory and experimental tests of particle physics The Standard Model is an elegant and extremely successful theory that formulates the laws of fundamental interactions among elementary particles. This incisive textbook introduces students to the physics of the Standard Model while providing an essential overview of modern particle physics, with a unique emphasis on symmetry principles as the starting point for constructing models. The Standard Model equips students with an in-depth understanding of this impressively predictive theory and an appreciation of its beauty, and prepares them to interpret future experimental results. Describes symmetry principles of growing complexity, including Abelian symmetries and their application in QED, the theory of electromagnetic interactions, non-Abelian symmetries and their application in QCD, the theory of strong interactions, and spontaneously broken symmetries and their application in the theory of weak interactions Derives the Lagrangian that implements these symmetry principles and extracts the phenomenology that follows from it, such as elementary particles and accidental symmetries Explains how the Standard Model has been experimentally tested, emphasizing electroweak precision measurements, flavor-changing neutral current processes, neutrino oscillations, and cosmology Demonstrates how to extend the model to address experimental and observational puzzles, such as neutrino masses, dark matter, and the baryon asymmetry of the universe Features a wealth of problems drawing from the latest research Ideal for a one-semester graduate course and an invaluable resource for practitioners Online solutions manual (available only to instructors)

Inhalt

Preface1 Lagrangians1.1 Introduction1.2 Examples of Simple Lagrangians

• 1.2.1 Scalars

• 1.2.2 Fermions

• 1.2.3 Fermions and Scalars1.3 Symmetries1.4 Model BuildingAppendix1.A Discrete Spacetime Symmetries: C, P, and T

• 1.A.1 C and P

• 1.A.2 CP Violation and Complex CouplingsProblems2 Abelian Symmetries2.1 Global Symmetries

• 2.1.1 Global Discrete Symmetries

• 2.1.2 Global Continuous Symmetries

• 2.1.3 Charge

• 2.1.4 Product Groups and Accidental Symmetries

• 2.1.5 Symmetries and Fermion Masses2.2 Local Symmetries

• 2.2.1 Introducing Local Symmetries

• 2.2.2 Charge

• 2.3 Summary

• Problems3 QED3.1 QED with One Fermion

• 3.1.1 De ning QED

• 3.1.2 The Lagrangian

• 3.1.3 The Spectrum

• 3.1.4 The Interactions

• 3.1.5 Parameter Counting3.2 QED with More Fermions

• 3.2.1 Two Dirac Fermions

• 3.2.2 Accidental Symmetries

• 3.2.3 Even More Fields

• 3.3 Experimental Tests of QED

• Problems4 Non-Abelian Symmetries4.1 Introduction4.2 Global Symmetries

• 4.2.1 Scalars and SO(N)

• 4.2.2 Vectorial Fermions and U(N)

• 4.2.3 Chiral Fermions and U(N) × U(N)

• 4.3 Local Symmetries

• 4.4 Running Coupling Constants

• 4.5 Summary

• Problems5 QCD

• 5.1 De ning QCD

• 5.2 The Lagrangian

• 5.3 The Spectrum

• 5.4 The Interactions

• 5.5 The Parameters

• 5.6 Con nement

• 5.7 Accidental Symmetries

• 5.8 Combining QCD with QED

• Problems6 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking

• 6.1 Introduction

• 6.2 Global Discrete Symmetries: Z2

• 6.3 Global Abelian Continuous Symmetries: U(1)

• 6.4 Global Non-Abelian Continuous Symmetries: SO(3)

• 6.5 Fermion Masses

• 6.6 Local Symmetries: The Higgs Mechanism

• 6.7 Summary

• Problems7 The Leptonic Standard Model7.1 De ning the LSM7.2 The Lagrangian

• 7.2.1 **kin and the Gauge Symmetry

• 7.2.2 **

• 7.2.3 **Y uk

• 7.2.4 ** and SSB

• 7.2.5 Summary7.3 The Spectrum

• 7.3.1 Scalars: Back to **

• 7.3.2 Vector Bosons: Back to **kin( **)

• 7.3.3 Fermions: Back to **Y uk

• 7.3.4 Summary7.4 The Interactions

• 7.4.1 The Higgs Boson

• 7.4.2 QED: Electromagnetic Interactions

• 7.4.3 Neutral Current Weak Interactions

• 7.4.4 Charged Current Weak Interactions

• 7.4.5 The Fermi Constant

• 7.4.6 Gauge Boson Self-interactions

• 7.4.7 Summary7.5 Global Symmetries and Parameters

• 7.5.1 Accidental Symmetries

• 7.5.2 The Interaction Basis and the Mass Basis

• 7.5.3 Parameter Counting

• 7.5.4 The LSM Parameters7.6 Low-Energy Tests

• 7.6.1 Charged Current Neutrino–Electron Scattering

• 7.6.2 Neutral Current Neutrino–Electron Scattering

• Problems8 The Standard Model8.1 De ning the Standard Model8.2 The Lagrangian

• 8.2.1 **kin and the Gauge Symmetry

• 8.2.2 **

• 8.2.3 ** and SSB

• 8.2.4 **Y uk

• 8.2.5 Summary8.3 The Spectrum

• 8.3.1 Bosons

• 8.3.2 Fermions

• 8.3.3 The CKM Matrix

• 8.3.4 Summary8.4 The Interactions

• 8.4.1 Electromagnetic (QED) and Strong (QCD) Interactions

• 8.4.2 The Higgs Boson Interactions

• 8.4.3 Neutral Current Weak Interactions

• 8.4.4 Charged Current Weak Interactions

• 8.4.5 Gauge Boson Self-interactions

• 8.4.6 Summary8.5 Global Symmetries and Parameters

• 8.5.1 Accidental Symmetries

• 8.5.2 The Standard Model Parameters

• 8.5.3 “A Standard Model” versus “the Standard Model”

• 8.5.4 Discrete Symmetries: P, C, and CPAppendix8.A Anomalies and Nonperturbative E ects

• 8.A.1 The Strong CP Parameter

• 8.A.2 Anomalies

• Problems9 Flavor Physics9.1 Introduction9.2 The CKM Matrix

• 9.2.1 The Standard Parameterization

• 9.2.2 The Wolfenstein Parameterization

• 9.2.3 CP Violation

• 9.2.4 Unitarity Triangles9.3 Tree-Level Determination of the CKM Parameters9.4 No FCNC at Tree Level

• 9.4.1 Photon- and Gluon-Mediated FCNC

• 9.4.2 Z-Mediated FCNC

• 9.4.3 Higgs-Mediated FCNC

• Problems10 QCD at Low Energies10.1 Introduction10.2 Hadronic Properties

• 10.2.1 General Properties

• 10.2.2 The Quark Model

• 10.2.3 Hadron Masses

• 10.2.4 Hadron Lifetimes10.3 Combining QCD with Weak Interactions

• 10.3.1 Factorization

• 10.3.2 The Decay Constant

• 10.3.3 Form Factors10.4 The Approximate Symmetries of QCD

• 10.4.1 Isospin Symmetry

• 10.4.2 Heavy Quark Symmetry10.5 Hadrons in High-Energy QCD

• 10.5.1 Quark-Hadron Duality

• 10.5.2 Jets

• 10.5.3 PDF

• Appendix

• 10.A Names and Quantum Numbers for Hadrons

• 10.B Extracting |V ud|

• 10.C Extracting |V cb|

• Problems11 Beyond the Standard Model11.1 Introduction11.2 Experimental and Observational Problems11.3 Theoretical Considerations11.4 The BSM Scale11.5 The SMEFT11.6 Examples of SMEFT Operators

• 11.6.1 Baryon Number Violation

• 11.6.2 Higgs Decays

• Problems12 Electroweak Precision Measurements12.1 Introduction12.2 The Weak Mixing Angle

• 12.2.1 The Weak Mixing Angle at One Loop

• 12.2.2 The Weak Mixing Angle within the Standard Model12.3 Custodial Symmetry12.4 Probing BSM

• 12.4.1 Nonrenormalizable Operators and the q2 Expansion

• 12.4.2 The S, T, and U Parameters

• 12.4.3 The Four-Generation Standard Model

• Problems13 Flavor-Changing Neutral Currents13.1 Introduction13.2 CKM and GIM Suppression in FCNC Decays

• 13.2.1 Examples: K → ** ** and B → ** ** 13.3 CKM and GIM Suppression in Neutral Meson Mixing

• 13.3.1 Examples: mK, mB, and mBs

• 13.3.2 CP Violating Suppression

• 13.3.3 Summary13.4 Testing the CKM Sector13.5 Probing BSM

• 13.5.1 New Physics Contributions to B0 *−*B 0 Mixing

• 13.5.2 Probing the SMEFTAppendix13.A Neutral Meson Mixing and Oscillation

• 13.A.1 Introduction

• 13.A.2 Flavor Mixing

• 13.A.3 Flavor Oscillation

• 13.A.4 Standard Model Calculations of the Mixing Amplitude13.B CP Violation

• 13.B.1 Notations and Formalism

• 13.B.2 CP Violation in Decay

• 13.B.3 CP Violation in Mixing

• 13.B.4 CP Violation in Interference of Decays with an…