Inhalt

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xv

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Definition and Importance of Pumps 1

1.1.1 Definition of Pumps 1

1.1.2 The Importance of Pumps 1

1.2 Classification and Structural Forms of Pumps 2

1.2.1 Pump Classification 2

1.2.2 Impeller Pump Overflow Components and Structural Forms 3

1.2.2.1 Overflow Components of Impeller Pump 3

1.2.2.2 Structural Forms of Blade Pumps 4

1.3 Application of Pump 11

References 15

2 Basic Principles and Physical Concepts of Pumps 16

2.1 Calculation of Velocity Triangles 16

2.1.1 Motion Analysis 16

2.1.2 Velocity Triangle 17

2.1.3 Velocity Triangle at Blade Inlet and Outlet 19

2.1.3.1 Blade Inlet Velocity Triangle 19

2.1.3.2 The Velocity Triangle at the Blade Outlet 20

2.2 The Theory of Energy Conversion in Pumps 21

2.2.1 Mechanical Loss and Mechanical Efficiency 21

2.2.2 Volume Loss and Volume Efficiency 22

2.2.3 Hydraulic Loss and Hydraulic Efficiency 22

2.3 Similarity Laws 23

2.3.1 Basic Concepts of Similarity Laws 23

2.3.1.1 Geometric Similarity 24

2.3.1.2 Kinematic Similarity 24

2.3.1.3 Dynamic Similarity 24

2.3.1.4 Similarity Criterion for Pipe Flow-Reynolds Criterion 24

2.3.1.5 Similarity Criterion for Free Surface Flow-Froude Criterion 25

2.3.1.6 Similarity Criterion for Flow in Pump Impellers-Euler Criterion 25

2.3.2 Law of Pump Similarity 25

2.3.2.1 First Similarity Law-Flow Rate Similarity 26

2.3.2.2 Second Similarity Law-Head Similarity 26

2.3.2.3 Third Similarity Law-Shaft Power Similarity 27

2.3.3 Specific Speed 27

2.3.3.1 Derivation of the Specific Speed Formula 27

2.3.3.2 Explanation of Specific Speed 28

References 29

3 Design Methods for Vane Pumps 30

3.1 Hydraulic Design of the Centrifugal and Mixed Flow Pump 30

3.1.1 Determination of Design Parameters and Their Hydraulic Structural Solutions 30

3.1.1.1 Provide Parameters and Requirements for the Design 30

3.1.1.2 Pump Shaft Power P and Rated Power P g of the Prime Mover 36

3.1.1.3 Determination of Pump Inlet and Outlet Diameters 36

3.1.2 Hydraulic Design of the Impeller 37

3.1.2.1 Pump Shaft Diameter and Impeller Hub Diameter 37

3.1.2.2 Similarity Conversion Method 39

3.1.2.3 Calculation of Key Impeller Dimensions Using the Velocity Coefficient Method 43

3.1.2.4 Blade Drawing 60

3.1.3 Hydraulic Design of the Suction Chamber 74

3.1.3.1 Conical Suction Chamber 74

3.1.3.2 Annular Suction Chamber 75

3.1.3.3 Semi-Spiral Suction Chamber 76

3.2 Hydraulic Design of the Vortex Pump 79

3.2.1 Introduction to Axial-Flow Pumps 79

3.2.2 Structure Parameters and Design Theory 79

3.2.2.1 Cylindrical Layer Independence Hypothesis 80

3.2.2.2 Structural Parameters 81

3.2.2.3 Design Theory 83

3.2.3 Design the Axial-Flow Pump Impeller Using the Airfoil Lift Method 83

3.2.3.1 Airfoil and Its Characteristics 83

3.2.3.2 Fundamental Governing Equation for Axial-Flow Pump Blade Design Using the Airfoil

Lift Method 85

3.2.4 Axial-Flow Pump Impeller Design Using Streamline Theory 87

3.2.4.1 Governing Differential Equation for Flow at Impeller Discharge 87

3.2.4.2 Free Vortex and Forced Vortex 87

3.2.4.3 Circulation Correction and Streamline-Based Design Methodology 88

3.2.4.4 Blade Inlet Incidence Angle 89

3.2.4.5 Evolution of Profile Radius and Airfoil Thickness Distribution 90

3.2.4.6 Blade Contouring Procedure 91

3.2.5 Axial-Flow Pump Guide Vane Design 95

3.2.5.1 Guide Vane Structural Parameter Selection 95

3.2.5.2 Streamline Method for Axial-Flow Pump Guide Vane Design 96

3.3 Hydraulic Design of the Volute Casing 98

3.3.1 Hydraulic Design Principles of the Volute Casing 99

3.3.2 Hydraulic Design of the Volute Chamber 100

3.3.3 Hydraulic Design of Double Volute Chambers 106

3.3.4 Design of the Annular Discharge Chamber 106

3.3.5 Design of Radial and Guide Vanes 108

3.3.6 Design of Spatial Guide Vanes 115

3.4 Hydraulic Design of the Vortex Pump 120

3.4.1 Characteristics of the Vortex Pump 120

3.4.2 Hydraulic Design of Vortex Pump 122

3.5 Hydraulic Design of Multistage Pumps 128

3.5.1 Determine the Inlet and Outlet Diameters of Multistage Pumps 129

3.5.2 Hydraulic Design of Impeller 129

3.5.3 Design of the Main Parameters of the Guide Vane 135

3.5.3.1 Positive Guide Vane Design 135

3.5.3.2 Anti-Guide Vane Design 136

References 137

4 Theoretical Basis of CFD for Vane Pumps 139

4.1 The Fundamental Theory of CFD 139

4.2 Numerical Methods 140

4.2.1 Geometry Modeling 141

4.2.2 Mesh Generation 141

4.2.3 Governing Equations of Fluid Dynamics 142

4.2.4 Simulation of Turbulent Flows 142

4.2.4.1 Standard k Model 147

4.2.4.2 Shear Stress Transport (SST) k Model 148

4.2.4.3 Spalart-Allmaras (SA) Model 151

4.2.4.4 Wray-Agarwal (WA) Model 151

4.2.4.5 Detached Eddy Simulation Model 153

4.2.4.6 Large Eddy Simulation (LES) Model 154

4.2.5 Wall Function 155

4.2.6 Discretization Method 156

4.2.7 Interpolation Scheme and Algorithm 157

References 158

5 3D Modeling of Vane Pumps 160

5.1 Centrifugal Pump 160

5.1.1 Impeller Modeling of the Centrifugal Pump 160

5.1.1.1 Creating a PRT File 160

5.1.1.2 Meridional Profile Import 162

5.1.1.3 Creating Surfaces Using Revolved Method 162

5.1.1.4 Creating the Cover Plate 162

5.1.1.5 Blade Array 163

5.2 Axial Flow Pump 164

5.2.1 Modeling of the Impeller and Inlet Conical Tube 164

5.2.1.1 Modeling Approach 164

5.2.2 Modeling of the Guide Vanes and Outlet Conical Tube 171

5.2.2.1 Modeling Approach 171

5.2.3 Modeling of the Outlet Bend Tube 172

5.2.4 Model Assembly 172

5.3 Mixed-Flow Pump 174

5.3.1 Impeller Modeling 174

5.3.1.1 Thought Analysis 174

5.3.2 Guide Vane Modeling 185

5.3.2.1 Thought Process Analysis 185

5.4 Vortex Pump 196

5.4.1 Impeller Modeling 196

5.4.2 Pump Casing and Pump Cover Modeling 199

5.5 Multistage Pump 202

5.5.1 First-Stage Impeller Modeling 204

5.5.2 Radial Guide Vane Drawing 211

References 214

6 Numerical Calculation and Simulation Analysis of Centrifugal Pump 215

6.1 Water Body Modeling 215

6.1.1 Volute Hub Line Lead-in 215

6.1.2 Section Closure 215

6.1.3 Sectional Lofting 216

6.1.4 Tongue Molding 217

6.2 Structure Grid Division 218

6.2.1 Centrifugal Pump Impeller Structure Grid Division 219

6.2.1.1 Model Import 219

6.2.1.2 Geometric Topology 220

6.2.1.3 Creation Aspect 221

6.2.1.4 Create Parts 223

6.2.1.5 Global Grid Size Settings 226

6.2.1.6 Create Blocks and Establish Mappings 226

6.2.1.7 Y-Block 227

6.2.1.8 Periodic Setting 229

6.2.1.9 Generated Grid 231

6.2.1.10 Checking Grid Quality 232

6.2.2 Volute Meshing 233

6.2.2.1 Model Import and Simple Processing 233

6.2.2.2 Establish Mapping Relationship 233

6.2.2.3 Creation of a Lock Derivative Block 233

6.2.2.4 Global Grid Size Settings 235

6.2.2.5 Meshing 236

6.2.2.6 Grid Quality Check 237

6.2.3 Inlet and Outlet Flow Channel Grid Division 237

6.3 Steady Computation Settings 241

6.3.1 Computing Domain Setting 241

6.3.1.1 Create a CASE and Import the Grid 241

6.3.1.2 Fluid Domain Setting 241

6.3.1.3 Turbulence Modeling 244

6.3.2 Boundary Condition Setting 246

6.3.2.1 Wall Boundary Condition Setting 246

6.3.2.2 Inlet and Outlet Boundary Conditions Set 247

6.3.3 Interface Setting 248

6.3.3.1 Dynamic-Static Interface Settings 248

6.3.3.2 Static-Static Interface Settings 250

6.3.4 Solution Setting 250

6.3.5 Calculation Setting 251

6.4 Unsteady Computation 252

6.4.1 Transient Setting 252

6.4.2 Interface Model Modification 253

6.4.3 Calculation Setting 253

6.5 Common Postprocessing 254

References 260

7 Numerical Calculation and Simulation Analysis of Axial Flow Pump 261

7.1 Computational Domain Modeling 261

7.1.1 Pump Volute Domain 261

7.1.2 Inlet and Outlet Extension Domains 261

7.2 Structured Mesh Generation 261

7.2.1 Mesh Generation for the Impeller Flow Domain 263

7.2.2 Guid…