Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

The clinical significance of tumor spread has always been appreciated. Yet, in spite of the pioneering work and outstanding contributions of investigators such as D. Coman, H. Green, B. Fisher, S. Wood and I. Zeidman, studies on metastasis rarely achieved the popularity afforded to more esoteric areas of tumor biology. Tumor dissemination, occurring as it does in a responding host and being composed of a series of dynamic int~ractions, is a highly complex phenomenon. Few investigators were brave enough to attempt to unravel the mechanisms involved. Paradoxically, this very complexity may have contributed, in part, to the recent upsurge of interest in metastasis research. More and more researchers are becoming fascinated by the complexities of the cellular interactions involved in tumor spread. Accompanying this intellectual stimulation have been technological advances in related fields which allow the derivation of new model systems. The mechanisms of metastatic spread are increasingly amenable to both the reductionist and holistic approaches and it is the purpose of this volume to present many of these model systems while emphasizing the intricacy and complexity of the processes they mimic. We have attempted to emphasize two topics not previously covered in depth in previous books on metastases. These are in vitro models of invasion and in teractions of tumor cells with connective tissue.

Inhalt
Section I Tumor-Host Interactions in Metastasis.- 1. The role of animal models in the study of experimental metastasis.- 2. Eradication of metastases by tumoricidal macrophages: therapeutic implications.- 3. The role of natural killer (NK) cells in the control of tumor metastasis.- 4. Metastasis of xenogeneic and allogeneic tumors in nude mice.- 5. Cell surface properties of metastatic tumor cells.- 6. Metastatic inefficiency.- 7. Tumor cell Chemotaxis.- 8. Antimetastatic concomitant immunity.- 9. Immunobiological diversity of metastatic cells.- Section II Models of Tumor Invasion.- 10. Methods and models for studying tumor invasion.- 11. In vitro quantitative assay of invasion using human amnion.- 12. Experimental models of lymphatic metastasis.- 13. The use of embryo organ cultures to study invasion in vitro.- 14. Three-dimensional models for the study of invasion and metastasis.- 15. In vitro assay of invasion using endothelial and smooth muscle cells.- 16. The regulation of invasion by a cartilage-derived anti-invasion factor.- Section III Interaction of Tumor Cells with Connective Tissue.- 17. Role of cell attachment proteins in defining cell-matrix interactions.- 18. Attachment of metastatic tumor cells to collagen.- 19. Biochemical mechanisms involved in tumor cell penetration of the basement membrane.- 20. Tumor formation and malignant invasion: role of basal lamina.- 21. Plasminogen activator in metastasis.- 22. Proteases in tumor invasion and metastasis.- 23. Collagenase immunolocalisation studies of human tumours.- 24. Host-tumor cell interactions and collagenase activity.- Section IV Clinical Topics in Metastases.- 25. Observations on cancer metastasis in man.- 26. Newer methods for the diagnosis of occult metastases.- 27. Fine needleaspiration cytology of metastases.- 28. Applications of immunoperoxidase staining to studies of human breast disease.