More and more scientists are applying the concepts of motivation and related constructs to modify the behavior of drug-addicted and dependent people. Here, authors discuss effective'translational' strategies for decreasing and preventing tobacco use.

Tobacco kills more people worldwide than any legal or illegal drug; the collective benefits of quitting smoking are plentiful, from improved health, increased life expectancy, and fewer sick days to less stress on families and health care providers. Tobacco use and addiction depend on the complex interplay of neurochemical, genetic, personal, and social factors-and nicotine, as the principal psychoactive ingredient in tobacco smoke, stands at the center of this equation.

The Motivational Impact of Nicotine and Its Role in Tobacco Use assembles papers from the 55th Nebraska Symposium on Motivation in a multidimensional analysis of nicotine at work. These papers present data, theories, and findings useful in understanding not only the mechanisms behind tobacco dependence and resistance to quitting, but also the issues involved in smoking cessation, initial use prevention, and relapse prevention. Some of the key areas covered include:

• Molecular and neurobiological perspectives on the motivational effects of nicotine.

• The motivational components of nicotine dependence and the import of learning history.

• The role of nicotine in making environmental cues associated with smoking more reinforcing.

• The effects of pharmaco- and immunotherapies on the ability of psychological cues to influence smoking behavior.

• Sex differences in nicotine reinforcement and their implications for treatment.

• The importance of craving in the maintenance of smoking behavior and in its relapse after quitting.

Given the continued impact of smoking on public health, The Motivational Impact of Nicotine and Its Role in Tobacco Use will attract a wide audience. This cutting-edge information is vital to the clinical psychologist, researcher, and policymakerinvolved in developing more efficient therapies, more effective treatment products, better delivery systems, or new avenues for research.

About the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation
The Nebraska Symposium on Motivation has been sponsored by the Department of Psychology at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln since 1953. Each year the Symposium invites leading scholars from around the world to speak at a conference devoted to a topic of current interest to psychology, the proceedings of which are published in an edited volume.

Includes effective strategies for decreasing tobacco use and preventing initiation that uses a translational approach in which genetic, neurobiological, individual, and cultural factors motivating tobacco use and nicotine dependence are considered Critically discuss motivation as an explanatory construct for smoking and tobacco use, while empirically defining the processes underlying this construct in a manner that avoids tautologies Gathers information from a diverse group of researchers and academics who presented their findings at the symposium

Inhalt
Nicotine, Tobacco Use, and the 55th Nebraska Symposium on Motivation.- Synaptic Plasticity Within Midbrain Dopamine Centers Contributes to Nicotine Addiction.- Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Motivational Effects of Nicotine.- Targeting Reward-Relevant Nicotinic Receptors in the Discovery of Novel Pharmacotherapeutic Agents to Treat Tobacco Dependence.- Multiple Motivational Forces Contribute to Nicotine Dependence.- The Role of Nicotine in Smoking: A Dual-Reinforcement Model.- Altering the Motivational Function of Nicotine through Conditioning Processes.- New Findings on Nicotine Addiction and Treatment.- Sex Differences in Nicotine Reinforcement and Reward: Influences on the Persistence of Tobacco Smoking.- The Functional Significance of Craving in Nicotine Dependence.- The Motivational Impact of Nicotine and Its Role in Tobacco Use: Final Comments and Priorities.