Core Data Services for ABAP

The definitive CDS resource is back and bigger than ever! Begin with the basics: explore CDS syntax and model types. Then learn to define CDS entities and model SAP S/4HANA application data with step-by-step instructions. You'll develop models for analytical and transactional applications, work with the SAP S/4HANA virtual data model, and get to know the ABAP RESTful application programming model. Round out your knowledge with details on extensibility, testing, and troubleshooting. Get on the cutting edge of data modeling!

In this book, you'll learn about:

a. CDS Data Modeling
Get started with the CDS fundamentals. Model your first CDS view and understand how to work with entity types, associations, annotations, access controls, business services, and more. Explore all-new ABAP functionality and syntax.

b. ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model
Develop application models based on SAP S/4HANA's new ABAP RESTful application programming model. Create behavior definitions, add advanced functions, and implement handlers.

c. Extending, Testing, and Troubleshooting
Customize your applications and ensure they're running smoothly. Extend CDS views with CDS entity extensions, test them with the test double framework, and troubleshoot any issues.

Highlights include:

1) Data modeling
2) Associations
3) Annotations
4) Access controls
5) Business services
6) ABAP RESTful application programming model
7) Virtual data model (VDM)
8) Analytical and transactional applications
9) Hierarchies
10) Extensions
11) Automated testing
Troubleshooting

2nd edition, updated and expanded for SAP S/4HANA 2021

Autorentext
Jan Hrastnik is a member of the SAP S/4HANA suite's architecture team, where he focuses on the virtual data model and the use of core data services in ABAP applications. He has worked in various SAP development areas for more than 15 years. At the beginning of his career, he supported numerous customer projects in the automotive industry. Subsequently, he worked in the supply chain management development of SAP Business ByDesign. Jan's work initially focused on developing the master data required for the production processes, before he took on overarching expert tasks in central architecture topics. He then worked on the SAP SuccessFactors Employee Central solution and native SAP HANA application development.

Inhalt
... Preface ... 17

... Structure of the Book ... 19

... Acknowledgments ... 22

1 ... Modeling Your First CDS View ... 23

1.1 ... Define the Data Model of the Application ... 24

1.2 ... Implement the Data Model of the Application ... 27

1.3 ... Summary ... 51

2 ... Fundamentals of CDS Data Modeling ... 53

2.1 ... Overview of CDS Models ... 54

2.2 ... Overview of CDS View Syntax ... 57

2.3 ... Key Fields ... 59

2.4 ... Cast Operations ... 61

2.5 ... Typed Literals ... 63

2.6 ... Case Statements ... 64

2.7 ... Session Variables ... 66

2.8 ... Client Handling ... 67

2.9 ... Union Views ... 69

2.10 ... Joins ... 76

2.11 ... SQL Aggregation Functions ... 82

2.12 ... Projection Fields ... 85

2.13 ... Parameters ... 86

2.14 ... Reference Fields ... 91

2.15 ... Conversion Functions for Currencies and Quantity Units ... 94

2.16 ... Summary ... 97

3 ... Associations ... 99

3.1 ... Define Associations ... 100

3.2 ... Expose Associations ... 102

3.3 ... Model Compositional Relations ... 103

3.4 ... Model M:N Relations ... 105

3.5 ... Project Associations ... 109

3.6 ... Use Associations in CDS Views ... 109

3.7 ... Use Associations in ABAP Code ... 120

3.8 ... Summary ... 121

4 ... Annotations ... 123

4.1 ... Annotation Definitions ... 124

4.2 ... Effects of Annotations ... 135

4.3 ... Propagation Logic of Element Annotations ... 137

4.4 ... CDS Metadata Extensions ... 144

4.5 ... Active Annotations ... 148

4.6 ... Summary ... 149

5 ... Access Controls ... 151

5.1 ... Fundamentals of Access Controls ... 152

5.2 ... Mode of Action of Access Controls ... 156

5.3 ... Implementation Patterns for Access Controls ... 161

5.4 ... Test Access Controls ... 193

5.5 ... Summary ... 196

6 ... Business Services ... 197

6.1 ... Projection Views ... 198

6.2 ... Service Definitions ... 201

6.3 ... Service Bindings ... 206

6.4 ... Testing Business Services ... 213

6.5 ... Summary ... 215

7 ... Native SAP HANA Functions in CDS ... 217

7.1 ... Implementation of a CDS Table Function ... 218

7.2 ... Application Scenarios ... 226

7.3 ... Aspects for Consideration ... 227

7.4 ... Summary ... 228

8 ... Modeling Application Data ... 231

8.1 ... Application Architecture in SAP S/4HANA ... 232

8.2 ... Field Labels ... 235

8.3 ... Field Semantics ... 239

8.4 ... Foreign Key Relations ... 245

8.5 ... Text Relations ... 249

8.6 ... Composition Relations ... 252

8.7 ... Time-Dependent Data ... 255

8.8 ... Summary ... 256

9 ... The Virtual Data Model in SAP S/4HANA ... 257

9.1 ... Why a Virtual Data Model? ... 257

9.2 ... Lifecycle, Release, and Stability ... 259

9.3 ... Structure of the Virtual Data Model ... 270

9.4 ... Naming in the Virtual Data Model ... 277

9.5 ... Basic Interface View for the Sales Order ... 282

9.6 ... Tips for Finding Virtual Data Model Views ... 289

9.7 ... Summary ... 298

10 ... Modeling Analytical Applications ... 299

10.1 ... Analytics in SAP S/4HANA ... 299

10.2 ... Analytical Views ... 301

10.3 ... Analytical Queries ... 321

10.4 ... Analytical Infrastructure ... 348

10.5 ... Summary ... 351

11 ... Modeling Transactional Applications ... 353

11.1 ... Transactional Applications ... 354

11.2 ... Transactional Infrastructure in SAP S/4HANA ... 355

11.3 ... Transactional Object Models ... 358

11.4 ... Behavior Definitions ... 364

11.5 ... Transactional Service Models ... 442

11.6 ... Define Projection Behavior Definition ... 451

11.7 ... Runtime Orchestration ... 461

11.8 ... SAP Fiori and OData Consumption ... 466

11.9 ... Summary ... 479

12 ... Hierarchies in CDS ... 481

12.1 ... Hierarchy Categories and Basics ... 481

12.2 ... Annotation-Based Parent-Child Hierarchies ... 484

12.3 ... CDS Hierarchies ... 492

12.4 ... Summary ... 510

13 ... CDS-Based Search Functionality ... 511

13.1 ... Modeling Value Helps ... 512

13.2 ... Free-Text Search Functionality in OData Services ... 529

13.3 ... Summary ... 537

14 ... Extensions of CDS Views and View Entities ... 539

14.1 ... Extension Options ... 540

14.2 ... CDS Entity Extensions ... 541

14.3 ... Usage of CDS Entity Extensions ... 552

14.4 ... Summary ... 558

15 ... Automated Testing ... 561

15.1 ... Fundamentals of the Test Double Framework ... 562

15.2 ... Test Sample Overview ... 563

15.3 ... Test Implementations of CDS Views ... 566

15.4 ... Test ABAP Logic with SQL Accesses to CDS Views ... 580

15.5 ... Test Code Generation Functions ... 583

15.6 ... Summary ... 587

16 ... Troubleshooting ... 589

16.1 ... Performance Aspects ... 589

16.2 ... Pitfalls ... 596

16.3 ... Troubleshoot Implementations of CDS Models ... 606

16.4 ... Troubleshoot Activation Issues ... 613

16.5 ... Summary ... 618

... Appendices ... 621
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