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Autorentext

Richard Reid is Professor of African History, Faculty of History, University of Oxford, and a Fellow of St Cross College, Oxford, UK. His work has focused on the history of political culture, historical consciousness, warfare and militarism in Africa. He is the author of several books, including A History of Modern Uganda and Warfare in African History, and is former editor of the Journal of African History.

Inhalt

List of Maps xiii

List of Plates xv

Acknowledgments xviii

Acknowledgments for the Second Edition xix

Acknowledgments for the First Edition xx

1 Introduction: Understanding the Contours of Africa's Past 1

Part I A Brief History of the Study of Africa 5

Land 8

People 12

Polity, Society, and Economy: Ingenuity and Violence in the Nineteenth Century 19

2 Western Transitions: Slave Trade and "Legitimate" Commerce in Atlantic Africa 25

States and Societies during the Atlantic Slave Trade 26

"Illegal" Traffic: The Nineteenth Century Slave Trade 30

Mineral and Vegetable: "Legitimate" Commerce 34

Change and Continuity in Forest and Savannah 37

3 Eastern Intrusions: Slaves and Ivory in Eastern Africa 47

Commercial Horizons: Slaves and Ivory 48

Maritime Empire: Zanzibar 53

Statehood, Conflict, and Trade (1): The Lacustrine Zone 57

Statehood, Conflict, and Trade (2): Northeastern Africa 64

4 Southern Frontiers: Colony and Revolution in Southern Africa 71

African State and Society to around 1800 71

War, Revolution, and the Zulu Impact 73

Cape Colonialism: White Settlement and the "Native Question" 78

Balances of Power to around 1870 81

Part II Africa and Islam: Revival and Reform in the Nineteenth Century 85

5 Revival and Reaction: North African Islam 89

Old and New Identities: Brotherhoods of the Desert 89

Trade and Conflict in the Mediterranean World: Ottoman and European Frontiers 90

Changing Society (1): The Maghreb 94

Changing Society (2): Egypt 97

6 Jihad: Revolutions in Western Africa 103

Islam in Western Africa to the Eighteenth Century 103

The Wandering Fulani 105

Prophets and Warriors 106

7 The Eastern Crescent: The Islamic Frontier in Eastern Africa 112

Swahili Islam: Coastal Frontiers in the Nineteenth Century 112

Islam in the Central East African Interior 114

Cross and Crescent in Northeast Africa 115

Islam on the Nile 117

Part III Africa and Europe: Commerce, Conflict and Co-option, to C.1920 121

8 The Compass and the Cross 127

Interested Gentlemen and Learned Bodies: Explorers and Exploration 128

Creeping Hegemony and the Invention of Africa 131

European Missionary Activity in Africa to around 1800 133

Evangelical Humanitarians: Missionary Revival 135

The Christian Impact on Culture, State, and Society 137

Mission and Empire 142

9 "Whatever Happens ...": Towards the Scramble 148

Africa and Theories of Imperialism 149

Race and Culture 152

Disorder and Civilizing Violence: Political and Economic Justifications 154

10 Africans Adapting: Conquest and Partition 159

Explaining the "Conquest" 159

Spears and Water: Violent Resistance 164

Histories Old and New: Colonialism and Historical "Knowledge" 174

Realities Old and New: Colonialism and Political "Knowledge" 177

Bush Wars and Distant Shadows: Africa in Global War 184

Part IV Colonialisms 193

11 "Pax Colonia"?: Empires of Soil and Service 199

Monopolies on Violence 200

Slaves and Labor 203

Cash Crops 204

White Settlement 209

Industry 211

Social Change and Emergent Crisis 214

Hearts and Minds 217

Environment and Medicine 220

12 Hard Times: Protest, Identity, and Depression 230

Making Tribes 230

Emergent Protest in the Islamic World 233

Salvation and Resistance: The African Church 235

Class and Tribe: The Industrial Complex 236

Cash Crops, Rural Crises, and Peasant Protest 239

Other Voices 242

13 Battles Home and Away: Africa in Global War (Again) 248

The War in the Continent 248

Shifts in Politics and Society 253

Part V The Dissolution of Empire 259

14 The Beached Whale: Colonial Strategies in the Postwar World 265

Postwar Africa and the International Climate 266

Economic Policies and Visions, c. 1945-50 267

Political Plans, c. 1945-50 270

15 Conceiving and Producing Nations 273

The Widening Horizons of Belonging 274

Tensions and Transitions: From Political Consciousness to Political Parties 275

Irresistible Force and Immovable Object: Nationalists and Settlers 282

A Time of Contrasts 287

16 Compromising Conflict: Routes to Independence 290

Debate and Debacle: "Constitutional" Transfers of Power 290

Violence: Growth, Form, and Impact 299

From Suez to Sharpeville, and Beyond: The End of High Imperialism 305

Part VI Legacies, New Beginnings, and Unfinished Business 311

17 Unsafe Foundations: Challenges of Independence 317

Building the Nation (1): Economy and Society 317

Building the Nation (2): Polity 324

Political Stability and Islam 330

Crowded House: Africa and the Cold War 335

18 Violence and the Militarization of Political Culture 343

The Military in African Politics 343

The Politics and Cultures of Insurgency 347

New Wars, Old Problems, and Expanding Military Horizons 354

19 Rectification, Redemption, and Reality: Issues and Trends in Contemporary Africa 359

Africa and the Contemporary World 359

Democracy and Authoritarianism: Trends in Governance 363

Body and Mind 369

Contemporary Economics: Assessing "Development" and "Growth" 372

Further Reading 381

Index 384