Aviation has a substantial environmental impact, necessitating a shift towards more sustainability. High-aspect-ratio (HAR) wings increase the efficiency of future transport aircraft by significantly reducing induced drag and, consequently, fuel consumption. However, the extended wingspan of HAR wings is accompanied by challenges, including ground operations, structural loads, and aircraft control. Folding wingtips (FWTs) address these challenges by incorporating a hinge at the outboard wing section, enabling the wingtip to fold during ground operations or specific flight scenarios. Wingtip actuators that allow active adjustment of the wingtip's cant angle and hinge stiffness can expand the potential operating modes of FWTs beyond the current state-of-the-art. Possible operating modes include extended load alleviation, mission adaptability, advanced flight control, and active flutter suppression. While most research on FWTs focuses on flight dynamics and aeroelasticity, little attention has been given to the structural design of wingtip actuators. This book introduces an actuator concept that transforms FWTs into multifunctional wingtip devices, referred to as actuated adaptive wingtips. The concept of actuated adaptive wingtips is based on a compliant morphing structure that adapts its mechanical properties by varying the fluid pressure in structure-integrated chambers.

Proposes the concept of actuated adaptive wingtips that transform wingtips into multifunctional control surfaces Presents an approach for defining the operating envelope of pressure-actuated cellular structures Develops and validates mechanical test methods to determine the large-deformation bending properties of flexure hinges

Autorentext

Patrick Meyer is a research associate at the Institute of Mechanics and Adaptronics at Technische Universität Braunschweig. His doctoral research, completed in 2024 with distinction, focused on advanced aerospace technologies, particularly shape-morphing aircraft structures, folding wingtips, and compliant mechanisms. During his doctoral studies, he published ten journal articles, six of which he authored as the lead author. Before his doctoral work, Patrick gained practical experience through internships and working student positions at the German Aerospace Center, contributing to the design of natural laminar flow wings; at Airbus Operations GmbH, within the single-aisle structural assembly department; and at Volkswagen AG, working on the development of new vehicle concepts. He earned his master’s degree in aerospace engineering from Technische Universität Braunschweig in 2017, graduating with distinction.

Inhalt

Introduction.- In-Flight Folding Wingtips.- Morphing Structures with Fluidic Actuation.- Actuated Adaptive Wingtips on Transport Aircraft.- Test Methods for Flexure Hinges.- Production-Induced Characteristics ofWoven Flexure Hinges.- Conclusions and Outlook.