Nonlinear Spectroscopy of Solids

This report presents an account of the course "Nonlinear Spectroscopy of Solids: Advances and Applications" held in Erice, Italy, from June 16 to 30, 1993. This meeting was organized by the International School of Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy of the "Ettore Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture. The purpose of this course was to present and discuss physical models, mathematical formalisms, experimental techniques, and applications relevant to the subject of nonlinear spectroscopy of solid state materials. The universal availability and application of lasers in spectroscopy has led to the widespread observation of nonlinear effects in the spectroscopy of materials. Nonlinear spectroscopy encompasses many physical phenomena which have their origin in the monochromaticity, spectral brightness, coherence, power density and tunability of laser sources. Conventional spectroscopy assumes a linear dependence between the applied electromagnetic field and the induced polarization of atoms and molecules. The validity of this assumption rests on the fact that even the most powerful conventional sources of light produce a light intensity which is not strong enough to equalize the rate of stimulated emission and that of the experimentally observed decay. A different situation may arise when laser light sources are used, particularly pulsed lasers. The use of such light sources can make the probability of induced emission comparable to, or even greater than, the probability of the observed decay; in such cases the nonlinearity of the response of the system is revealed by the experimental data and new properties, not detectable by conventional spectroscopy, will emerge.

Klappentext
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Zusammenfassung
Proceedings of a NATO ASI held in Erice, Italy, June 15-30, 1993

Inhalt
Intrinsic Nonlinearity of the Interaction between Radiation Fields and Atoms.- The Spin-Photon Echo Revisited.- Nonlinear Spectroscopy of Inorganic Materials: Excitons in Semiconductors.- High Resolution Nonlinear Spectroscopy of Rare Earth Ions in Solids.- Advances in Solid State Lasers.- Quantum Noise in Parametric Amplification.- Two- and Three-Photon Spectroscopy of Solids.- Nonlinear Spectroscopy of the Electron-Hole Plasma in Semiconductors.- Long Seminars.- The Two-Photon Laser.- Definition of Coherence.- Optical Nonlinearities of Color Centers in Alkali Halides.- Electronic and Optical Properties of Lower-Dimensional Semiconductor Systems.- Recombination Dynamics and Nonlinear Spectroscopy of Quantum Dots.- Solitons in Optical Fibers and their Use in Ultra Long Distance, High Bit Rate Transmission.- Energy Transfer Mechanisms and Excited State Dynamics of Yb3+, Tm3+ and Ho3+ Doped Gd3Ga5O12 Single Crystals.- Nanoparticles in Amorphous Solids and their Nonlinear Properties.- Up-Conversion and Excited State Absorption in Laser Crystals and Glasses: Advantages and Disadvantages.- Non-Linear Effects in Insulating Laser Crystals.- Computer Modeling of Nonlinearities.- Rate Equation Modeling of Energy Transfer Processes.- Special Seminars.- Cold Fusion Four Years Later.- Science and Theology. Scientific Mentality and Christian Faith.- Short Seminars.- Enhanced Red to Blue Conversion Luminescence of Tm3+ in Yb3+ Doped Fluorophosphate Glasses.- Capturing a Phase Transition: The Dielectric Constant of GaAs Following an Intense Ultrashort Optical Excitation.- Second Harmonic Generation in Movpe ZnTe Waveguides.- Negative Differential Mobility of Semiconductor Devices.- Rare-Earth Doped Semiconductors for Linear and Nonlinear Optical Applications.- Nonlinear Spectroscopy in CdSe: Exciton Coherence and Dynamics.- Two Photon Processes Involving Simultaneous Electric and Magnetic Dipole Transition Moments.- Laser Spectroscopy of Atoms and Ions in Superfluid Helium.- Mixed-Mode Polaritons.- Synthetic Diamond: The Optical Band at 1.883 eV.- Picosecond Radiationless Relaxation of the F-Center in NaBr Induced by Hydrogen Impurities.- Silver Atoms Isolated in Rare Gas Crystals: Time Resolved Investigation of Excited State Dynamics.- Site-Selection by Up-Conversion in CsCdBr3:Er3+.- Electron-Hole Droplet Formation in Indirect AlXGa1?XAs.- Dynamics of Carrier Induced Screening of the Piezoelectric Fields in CdS/CdSe Superlattices.- Optical Switching in CdS.- Photoreflectance: A Poor Man's Approach to Non-Linear Spectroscopy.- The Effect of Crystal Anisotropy of the Infrared Reflectivity of 6H-SiC.- Second Harmonic Generation in DNA.- Infrared to Visible Up-Conversion in Cs3Yb2Cl9:Tm3+.- Nonlinear Behavior of Luminescence Emission Intensity of Rare Earth Ions with High Excitation Energy.- Study of Healing and Interdiffusion Processes at Particle-Particle Junction during Latex Film Formation by Fluorecence Technique.- Fast Scintillator Glasses which are Hard to Nuclear Radiations.- Transient Hold-Burning and Excited State Dynamics in a Co-Ordination Compound.- Electrodynamics of Thin Film Waveguides.- Temperature Distribution in an Er: YAG Laser Rod during Flash Lamp Pumping.- Electronic Energy Level Structure of Er3+ Doped into 3 Garnet Hosts.- Posters.- Threshold Behavior of Microcavity Lasers.- Calculation of the THG, Two and Three Photon Absorption in C60 and C70 Molecules.- Low Frequency Raman Scattering from Thermally Treated Oxide Glasses.- BaLiF3:Ni2+ Spectroscopic Analysis of Laser Capabilities.- Study of a Diode-Pumped Laser YLF:Tm, Ho Laser at 2?m.- Decay Behavior of Excited Nd Ions in KYF4 Crystals.- Summary of the Course.- Picture of the Participants.- Participants.