In tropical regions, natural resource management is as crucial to preserving biodiversity as it is to protecting the well-being and food security of the people living there. This volume presents community-based approaches to natural resource management and biodiversity conservation.

Natural resource management by rural citizens in tropical regions is crucial both to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem processes, but also to the the well-being and food security of the people that live there. This situation is especially acute in Africa where conflicts between habitat destruction and utilization can arise in areas which are important not only for biodiversity but for the long-term maintenance of ecosystems on which the people ultimately rely. There can also be conflicts between outside specialists and the indigenous knowledge of local communities. A holistic approach involving local peoples in management of their natural resources is therefore essential. A range of approaches to the problem is explored here in relation to natural resource management to local development and livelihoods, and the multi-functional nature of land-use. Major topics debated are the dichotomy between strictly protected areas and ones including human activity, people-centred rather than legally enforced conservation, market forces, and the interrelationships between agriculture and conservation. The book has 12 chapters, prepared by researchers actively involved in community aspects of natural resource management in Africa, and is based on an international workshop held in Niamey, Niger, in 2008. It will be of interest to all involved in the community approach to biodiversity conservation in less developed countries generally and not only in Africa as many of the issues addressed are pertinent globally. Reprinted from Biodiversity and Conservation 18: 10 (2009).

An overview of community-based approaches to natural resource management and biodiversity conservation Diverse case studies from different African countries Comprises contributions from those actively involved in community-based approaches

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Natural resource management by rural citizens in developing countries: innovation still required; Emmanuel Torquebiau, Russel D. Taylor.- The strategic pillars of communal natural resource management: benefit, empowerment and conservation; Marshall W. Murphree.- Community based natural resource management in Zimbabwe: the experience of CAMPFIRE; Russel D. Taylor.- Mobilizing for nature in southern African community-based conservation policies, or the death of the local; Estienne Rodary.- Parks-people conflicts: the case of Gonarezhou National Park and the Chitsa community in south-east Zimbabwe; Solomon Mombeshora, Sebastien Le Bel.- Cotton expansion and biodiversity loss in African savannahs, opportunities and challenges for conservation agriculture: a review paper based on two case studies; Frédéric Baudron et al.- The challenge of participatory natural resource management with mobile herders at the scale of a Sub-Saharan African protected area; Aurélie Binot et al.- The last African white giraffes live in farmers' fields; Romain Leroy et al.- Bees, farmers, tourists and hunters: conflict dynamics around Western Tanzania protected areas; Yves Hausser et al.- Community hunting in logging concessions: towards a management model for Cameroon's dense forests; Cédric Vermeulen et al.- Conservation value for birds of traditionally managed isolated trees in an agricultural landscape of Madagascar; Emily A. Martin et al.- Can engaging local people's interests reduce forest degradation in Central Vietnam?; M. Boissière et al.- Taking into account local practices and indigenous knowledge in an emergency conservation context in Madagascar; Chloé N. Marie et al.