This classic text, first published in 1990, is designed to introduce law students, law teachers, practitioners, and judges to the basic ideas of mathematical probability and statistics as they have been applied in the law. The fourth edition includes fourteen new sections, four inserts to the statistical text, and six new answer sections, on topics including the following: Use of prior probabilities after DNA database searches; Lipitor and diabetes; Harvard's affirmative action practices in admissions; New York City garbage trucks; Tests of odds ratio homogeneity; Disparate impact of a pre-employment exam on minority applicants; Liraglutide and pancreatic cancer; Representative sampling; Reversals in death-penalty cases; Technology assisted review in e-discovery; Asbestos and colon cancer; Guilty pleas in the federal courts; The financing secured event study; and Average marginal effects.

The book consists of sections of exposition followed by real-world cases and case studies in which statistical data have played a role. The reader is asked to apply the theory to the facts, to calculate results (a hand calculator is sufficient), and to explore legal issues raised by quantitative findings. The authors' calculations and comments are given in the back of the book. As with previous editions, the cases and case studies reflect a broad variety of legal subjects, including antidiscrimination, mass torts, taxation, school finance, identification evidence, preventive detention, handwriting disputes, voting, environmental protection, antitrust, sampling for insurance audits, and the death penalty.

Introduces students and legal scholars, lawyers, judges, and legislators to probability, statistics and epidemiology without requiring previous exposure New edition features over 20 new sections covering studies and techniques Covers diverse uses of statistics in DNA evidence, toxic substances litigation, census counts, and vote dilution

Autorentext

Michael O. Finkelstein was a practicing lawyer in New York City (now retired). He has for many years been a member of the adjunct faculty of Columbia University Law School, teaching statistics for lawyers, and has also taught that subject at Harvard University, Yale University, and the University of Pennsylvania law schools. He is the author of a book of essays, Quantitative Methods in Law, and a monograph, Basic Concepts of Probability and Statistics in the Law, as well as numerous law review articles on the applications of statistics in law. His articles have been cited by the U.S. Supreme Court and other courts. He has been for many years the editor of two law journals, The Review of Securities and Commodities Regulation and The Review of Banking and Financial Services. Bruce Levin is Professor Emeritus and past Chair of the Department of Biostatistics at the Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University. He is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and an American Public Health Association Statistics Section Award winner. Dr. Levin has a long-standing interest in statistical methodology for clinical trials, public health, and the law. Using sequential statistical methods, he has developed innovative trial designs, has served as the senior statistical designer for many randomized clinical trials, and has authored numerous articles on the subject of mathematical statistics and biostatistics. He consults and testifies as an expert in legal cases involving statistical issues.

Inhalt

Descriptive Statistics.- Introduction to descriptive statistics.- How to Count.- Elements of Probability.- Some Probability Distributions.- Statistical Inference for Two Proportions.- Comparing Multiple Proportions.- Comparing Means.- Combining Evidence Across Independent Strata.- Sampling Issues.- Epidemiology.- Survival Analysis.- Nonparametric Methods.- Regression Models.- More Complex Regression Models.- Appendix I: Calculations and Comments on the Cases.- Appendix II: Tables.- Glossary of Symbols.- List of Cases.- Bibliography.- Subject Index.