Seismic Wave Propagation and Scattering in the Heterogeneous Earth

This book focuses on recent developments in the area of seismic wave propagation and scattering through the randomly heterogeneous structure of the Earth, with emphasis on the lithosphere. The presentation combines information from many sources to present a coherent introduction to the threory of scattering in acoustic and elastic materials and includesanalyses of observations using the theoretical methods developed.

Seismic waves, both natural and man-made, reveal much information about the Earths interior, and recent advances expose the limitations of classical theory and analysis. It reflects the growing realization that the Earths crust contains many irregular components that transmit seismic waves in diverse ways, yet that these irregularities can be detected using advanced analytical methods. Comprehensive survey of the latest developments in seismic wave propagation and analysis and the first coherent introduction to the theory of scattering. Focuses on recent developments in the area of seismic wave propagation and scattering through the randomly heterogeneous structure of the Earth, with emphasis on the lithosphere. Includes discussions and analyses of observations using the latest theoretical methods, assisting the reader to see the practical use of the methods for characterizing the Earth. Successfully integrates information from different sources to provide a thorough discussion.

Inhalt
1 Introduction.- 2 Heterogeneity in the Lithosphere.- 2.1 Geological Evidence.- 2.2 Well-Logs.- 2.3 Deterministic Imaging Using Seismological Methods.- 2.4 Scattering of High-Frequency Seismic Waves.- 3 Phenomenological Modeling of Coda-Wave Excitation.- 3.1 Single Scattering Models.- 3.2 Multiple Scattering Models.- 3.3 Coda Analysis.- 3.4 Coda-Normalization Method.- 3.5 Related Coda Studies.- 4 Born Approximation for Wave Scattering in Inhomogeneous Media.- 4.1 Scalar Waves.- 4.2 Elastic Vector Waves.- 5 Attenuation of High-Frequency Seismic Waves.- 5.1 Attenuation in the Lithosphere.- 5.2 Intrinsic Attenuation Mechanisms.- 5.3 Scattering Attenuation Due to Distributed Random Inhomogeneities.- 5.4 Scattering Attenuation Due to Distributed Cracks and Cavities.- 5.5 Power-Law Decay of Maximum Amplitude with Travel Distance.- 6 Synthesis of Three-Component Seismogram Envelopes for Earthquakes Using Scattering Amplitudes from the Born Approximation.- 6.1 Earthquake Source.- 6.2 Envelope Synthesis in an Infinite Space.- 6.3 Envelope Synthesis in a Half-Space.- 7 Envelope Synthesis Based on the Radiative Transfer Theory: Multiple Scattering Models.- 7.1 Multiple Isotropic Scattering Process for Spherical Source Radiation.- 7.2 Separation of Scattering and Intrinsic Attenuation of S-Waves.- 7.3 Multiple Isotropic Scattering Process for Nonspherical Source Radiation.- 7.4 Multiple Nonisotropic Scattering Process for Spherical Source Radiation.- 7.5 Whole Seismogram Envelope: Isotropic Scattering Including Conversions Between P- and S-Waves.- 8 Diffraction and Broadening of Seismogram Envelopes.- 8.1 Amplitude and Phase Distortions of Scalar Waves.- 8.2 Markov Approximation for Predicting the MS Envelope Due to Diffraction.- 8.3 Observed Broadening of S-Wave Seismogram Envelopes.- 8.4 Split-Step Fourier Method for Modeling Wave Propagation Through an Inhomogeneous Medium.- 9 Summary and Epilogue.- 9.1 Summary of Methods and Observations.- 9.2 Future Developments.- Glossary of Symbols.- References.