Galileo's trial over his theories on the Earth's motion ended with his condemnation by the Inquisition. This book judiciously compares and contrasts that trial and the subsequent controversy over the rightness of that condemnation continuing to our day.

Although recent works on Galileo's trial have reached new heights of erudition, documentation, and sophistication, they often exhibit inflated complexities, neglect 400 years of historiography, or make little effort to learn from Galileo. This book strives to avoid such lacunae by judiciously comparing and contrasting the two Galileo affairs, that is, the original controversy over the earth's motion ending with his condemnation by the Inquisition in 1633, and the subsequent controversy over the rightness of that condemnation continuing to our day. The book argues that the Copernican Revolution required that the hypothesis of the earth's motion be not only constructively supported with new reasons and evidence, but also critically defended from numerous old and new objections. This defense in turn required not only the destructive refutation, but also the appreciative understanding of those objections in all their strength. A major Galilean accomplishment was to elaborate such a reasoned, critical, and fair-minded defense of Copernicanism. Galileo's trial can be interpreted as a series of ecclesiastic attempts to stop him from so defending Copernicus. And an essential thread of the subsequent controversy has been the emergence of many arguments claiming that his condemnation was right, as well as defenses of Galileo from such criticisms. The book's particular yet overarching thesis is that today the proper defense of Galileo can and should have the reasoned, critical, and fair-minded character which his own defense of Copernicus had.

Examines both Galileo's original trial (1613-1633) and the subsequent controversy over its propriety (1633-1992) Stresses the point of view of critical reasoning and argumentation, thus providing a case study of their role in the Copernican Revolution and the Galileo affair Elaborates Galileo's own approach in the original affair, using it as a model to understand and assess the subsequent affair Articulates a particular yet overarching thesis: that today the defense of Galileo should have the reasoned, critical, and fair-minded character which his own defense of Copernicus had Concerned with avoiding not only crude popular oversimplifications, but also inflated scholarly complexities

Autorentext

Maurice Finocchiaro received his undergraduate education at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, majoring in "Humanities and Science," specifically philosophy and physics. He did his graduate work in philosophy at the University of California-Berkeley, specializing in logic and philosophy of science: in logic he adopted an empirical and practical approach that emphasizes argumentation, reasoning, and critical thinking; and in philosophy of science he adopted a historical approach that aims to learn about the nature of science by studying important episodes in the history of science (e.g., the Copernican Revolution) and the work of great scientists (e.g., Galileo). He went on to teach at the University of Nevada-Las Vegas, such courses as introductory philosophy, introductory logic, critical thinking, logical theory, history of science, science and religion, and philosophy of science. This teaching experience led him to find excellent material in Galileo: Galileo's scientific achievements for the historical approach to the philosophy of science; Galileo's trial by the Inquisition for the study of science vs. religion; and Galileo's critical argumentation about the earth's motion for the empirical approach to logic. This background and these experiences encouraged and sustained Finocchiaro's scholarship, which received the support of awards from the National Science Foundation, National Endowment for the Humanities, American Council of Learned Societies, and Guggenheim Foundation. His books include Galileo and the Art of Reasoning; Defending Copernicus and Galileo: Critical Reasoning in the Two Affairs; Arguments about Arguments; Meta-argumentation; and On Trial for Reason: Science, Religion, and Culture in the Galileo Affair.

Inhalt
Defending Copernicus.- The Geostatic World View.- The Copernican Controversy.- Galileo's Stances Toward Copernican Astronomy.- Galilean Critiques of the Biblical Objection.- Galileo on the Mathematical Physics of Terrestrial Extrusion.- Galilean Rationality in the Copernican Revolution.- Defending Galileo.- The Trial of Galileo, 16131633.- The Galileo Affair, 16331992.- Galileo Right for the Wrong Reasons?.- Galileo as a Bad Theologian?.- Galileo as a Bad Epistemologist?.- Galileo as a Symbol of Science Versus Religion?.