Most complex biological systems, such as enzyme pathways, are effec tively controlled near the beginning of the process. There is increasing evidence that the same is true for the immune system, with the initial interactions between antigen, antigen-presenting cells, and T cells hav ing a paramount influence on the ensuing events. Thus, analysis of the early stages of the immune responses has been a preoccupation of many immunologists. This has been considerably aided by the capac ity to expand these early events, and 'immortalize' them as clones of T cells, for detailed analysis. The discovery by Morgan, Ruscetti, and Gallo (Science 193, 1007, 1976) of T-cell growth factor (now termed interleukin-2 or IL-2) has had a major impact in immunology that is far from over. The greater ease of handling murine tissues experimentally, with the availability of more precisely defined reagents such as inbred strains, has meant that, to date, most of the work on long-term T-cell cultures has been per formed in the mouse, as summarized by Fathman and Fitch (eds. , Iso lation, Characterization and Utilization of T Lymphocyte Clones, Aca demic Press, NY, 1982). However, the limitations of working with human tissues are counterbalanced by the great long-term importance of understanding disorders of human immune regulation, especially since it is becoming evident that these are far from rare. Immune deficiencies such as agammaglobulinemia and T-cell deficiencies are not common, but immune hyperresponsiveness occurring in allergy and allergiC diseases (e. g.

Autorentext
Mark Feldmann und sein Partner M. Spratt sind Managing Directors bei PricewaterhouseCoopers USA sowie international gefragte Referenten und Fachautoren. In ihrem Bereich "Global Mergers & Acquisitions" beraten sie Unternehmen schwerpunktmäßig in strategischen Fragen.

Klappentext

Most complex biological systems, such as enzyme pathways, are effec­ tively controlled near the beginning of the process. There is increasing evidence that the same is true for the immune system, with the initial interactions between antigen, antigen-presenting cells, and T cells hav­ ing a paramount influence on the ensuing events. Thus, analysis of the early stages of the immune responses has been a preoccupation of many immunologists. This has been considerably aided by the capac­ ity to expand these early events, and 'immortalize' them as clones of T cells, for detailed analysis. The discovery by Morgan, Ruscetti, and Gallo (Science 193, 1007, 1976) of T-cell growth factor (now termed interleukin-2 or IL-2) has had a major impact in immunology that is far from over. The greater ease of handling murine tissues experimentally, with the availability of more precisely defined reagents such as inbred strains, has meant that, to date, most of the work on long-term T-cell cultures has been per­ formed in the mouse, as summarized by Fathman and Fitch (eds. , Iso­ lation, Characterization and Utilization of T Lymphocyte Clones, Aca­ demic Press, NY, 1982). However, the limitations of working with human tissues are counterbalanced by the great long-term importance of understanding disorders of human immune regulation, especially since it is becoming evident that these are far from rare. Immune deficiencies such as agammaglobulinemia and T-cell deficiencies are not common, but immune hyperresponsiveness occurring in allergy and allergiC diseases (e. g.

Zusammenfassung
Immune deficiencies such as agammaglobulinemia and T-cell deficiencies are not common, but immune hyperresponsiveness occurring in allergy and allergiC diseases (e.

Inhalt
Session I: T Cell Receptors.- Molecular and Functional Analysis of the Human T Cell Antigen/MHC Receptor.- The Murine T Cell Receptor.- The Genes of the Murine T Cell Receptor.- Molecular Studies of the Human T-Cell Antigen.- Session II: HLA Antigens and their Recognition.- Cloned HLA-D Genes: Characterization and Approaches to Expression and Analysis of Function.- SB-Specific CTL Clones Exhibit Functional Heterogeneity in their Susceptibility to Blocking by Anti-T3 and Anti-T4 Antibodies.- Recognition of HLA Class II Molecules by Functional Human T-Lymphocyte Clones (TLC's).- Restriction Elements on Class II HLA Molecules Studied by Cloned Human T4 Cells.- Molecular and Functional Analysis of HLA-Class II Molecules Responsible for the Primary MLR in Man.- HLA-Class I Antigen Recognition by EB Virus-Specific and Allo-Specific Cytotoxic T Cells.- Session III: Clones Recognizing Extrinsic Antigens.- Antigen Recognition by Human Influenza Virus Specific Helper T Lymphocyte Clones.- Exogenous IL-2 Independent Antigen-Specific Human T Cells: Antigen-Specific Induction of Polyclonal B. Cell Factors.- Probing a Repertoire of T Cells Responding to a Mycobacterial Antigen.- Accessory Cell Requirements for the Proliferation of Antigen Specific Human T Cells.- Nickel-Specific Human T Cell Clones: Functional Characterization and Requirements for Triggering.- Session IV: Role of Cell Surface Molecules in T Cell Function.- Human Lymphocyte Functional Antigens.- Cell Surface Antigens Involved in Human Cytolytic T Lymphocyte-Mediated Cytolysis.- MHC-Restricted Antigen-Receptor Specific Regulatory T Cell Circuits in Man.- Early Biochemical Events in T Lymphocytes Activated by Anti-T3.- Surface Structures Involved in Human Cytolytic T Lymphocyte Function.- Section V: T Cell Clones andthe Analysis of Disease.- Manipulation of Autoimmune Diseases Using Autoimmune T Lymphocytes.- Cloning of Autoimmune T Cells: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy.- Self Education After Mismatched HLA Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation.- Human T-Cell Leukemia Viruses, T-Cell Leukemia, and AIDS.- Session VI: Immuneregulation.- Autoregulation of T-Cell Profliferation.- Interleukin-2 Receptors.- Response of T Cells to Synthetic Peptide Antigens: Specific Unresponsiveness Analogous to Tolerance.- Antigen-T Lymphocyte Interactions in the Induction of Functional Unresponsiveness.- Pathways and Mechanisms of Human T Cell Activation.- Loss of Alloreactivity Associated with Acquired Suppressive and Natural Killer-Like Activities of Aged T Cell Clones.- Phorbol Ester Induced Modulation of Lymphocyte Phenotype and Function.- Session VII: Regulatory Factors Produced by T Cell Clones.- Regulation of Growth and Differentiation of Human B Cells.- Antigen-Specific T Cell Helper Factors.- Human T-Cell Hybrids Producing Antigen Specific Helper Factors.- Influenza Specific Cytotoxic T-Cell Clones and Immune Interferon.- The Il-1 Pathway in T Cell Activation.- Session VIII: T Cell Clones and Anti-Tumor Immunity.- T Cell Clones Recognizing Autologous Tumour Cells.- Cell Surface Determinants Associated With the Interaction of Human CTL Clones and Autologous Tumor.- T3? and T3+ Cloned Cytotoxic Lymphocytes: Functional and Phenotypic Characteristics.- Murine and Human Tuberculin Reactive T Helper Clones: their Role in Anti-Tumor Immunity.