Aquinas on Change and Time

Luca Gili

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How can God know the future if future things are not actual? Would there be time if no change were to occur in the universe? What ...

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How can God know the future if future things are not actual? Would there be time if no change were to occur in the universe? What allows us to identify a direction in the order of changes independently of the series of instants in time? Aquinas answers all these questions in his commentary on Aristotle's Physics. According to him, only entities located in the present exist. The present is nothing but the intermediate between past and future points on the line of time. Time, in turn, is ontologically dependent on change, but despite being its measure, it is mind-independent: time is what makes a changing thing suitable of being understood in a series of successive stages by a possible mind. This revolutionary commentary is nevertheless faithful to the nuances of Aristotle's text and mark a milestone in the medieval reflection on the natural world. This book explores the core ideas outlined by Aquinas in his commentary on Aristotle's Physics.