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Autorentext

Linda Steg is professor of Environmental Psychology at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. Judith I. M. de Groot is a Senior Lecturer in Sustainable Consumer Behaviour at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands.

Klappentext

THE UPDATED EDITION OF THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Thoroughly revised and updated, the second edition, Environmental Psychology: An Introduction offers an overview of the interplay between humans and their environments. The text examines the influence of the environment on human experiences, behaviour and well-being and explores the factors influencing environmental behaviour, and ways to encourage pro-environmental behaviour. The revised edition is a state-of-the art review of relevant theories and research on each of these topics. With contributions from an international panel of noted experts, the text addresses a wealth of topics including the main research methods in environmental psychology; effects of environmental stressors; emotional impacts and meanings of natural environment experience; aesthetic appraisals of architecture; how to measure environmental behaviour; cognitive, emotional and social factors explaining environmental behaviour; effects and acceptability of strategies to promote pro-environmental factors; and much more. This important book:

• Discusses the environmental factors that threaten and promote human wellbeing
• Explores a wide range of factors influencing actions that affect environmental conditions
• Discusses the effects and acceptability of approaches that aim to encourage pro-environmental behaviour
• Presents research results conducted in different regions in the world
• Contains contributions from noted experts Written for scholars and practitioners in the field, the revised edition of Environmental Psychology offers a comprehensive review of the most recent research available in environmental psychology.

Zusammenfassung
The updated edition of the essential guide to environmental psychology Thoroughly revised and updated, the second edition, Environmental Psychology: An Introduction offers an overview of the interplay between humans and their environments. The text examines the influence of the environment on human experiences, behaviour and well-being and explores the factors influencing environmental behaviour, and ways to encourage pro-environmental behaviour. The revised edition is a state-of-the art review of relevant theories and research on each of these topics. With contributions from an international panel of noted experts, the text addresses a wealth of topics including the main research methods in environmental psychology; effects of environmental stress; emotional impacts and meanings of natural environment experience; aesthetic appraisals of architecture; how to measure environmental behaviour; cognitive, emotional and social factors explaining environmental behaviour; effects and acceptability of strategies to promote pro-environmental factors; and much more. This important book: * Discusses the environmental factors that threaten and promote human wellbeing * Explores a wide range of factors influencing actions that affect environmental conditions * Discusses the effects and acceptability of approaches that aim to encourage pro-environmental behavior * Presents research results conducted in different regions in the world * Contains contributions from noted experts Written for scholars and practitioners in the field, the revised edition of Environmental Psychology offers a comprehensive review of the most recent research available in environmental psychology.

Inhalt

List of Figures xix

List of Tables xxi

List of Boxes xxii

List of Contributors xxiv

**1 Environmental Psychology: History, Scope, and Methods 1
**Linda Steg, Agnes E. van den Berg, and Judith I. M. de Groot

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 History of the Field 2

1.2.1 Towards 'Architectural' Psychology 3

1.2.2 Towards a Green Psychology 4

1.3 Current Scope and Characteristics of the Field 4

1.3.1 Interactive Approach 4

1.3.2 Interdisciplinary Collaboration 5

1.3.3 Problem Focused Approach 5

1.3.4 Diversity of Methods 6

1.4 Main Research Methods in Environmental Psychology 6

1.4.1 Questionnaire Studies 7

1.4.2 Laboratory Experiments 8

1.4.3 Computer Simulation Studies 8

1.4.4 Field Studies 9

1.4.5 Case Studies 9

1.5 Overview of the Book 10

Glossary 10

Suggestions for Further Reading 11

Review Questions 11

PART I ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AND WELL-BEING 13

**2 Environmental Risk Perception 15
**Gisela Böhm and Carmen Tanner

2.1 Introduction 16

2.2 What are Environmental Risks? 16

2.3 Subjective Risk Judgements 17

2.3.1 Heuristics and Biases in Risk Judgements 17

2.3.2 Temporal Discounting of Environmental Risks 19

2.3.3 The Psychometric Paradigm 19

2.4 Risk, Values, and Morality 19

2.4.1 Values 20

2.4.2 Morality and Ethics 21

2.5 Emotional Reactions to Environmental Risks 22

2.6 Summary 23

Glossary 23

Suggestions for Further Reading 24

Review Questions 25

**3 Climate Change as a Unique Environmental Problem 26
**Janet K. Swim and Lorraine Whitmarsh

3.1 Introduction 27

3.2 Public Understanding of Climate Change 27

3.3 Assessing the Risk of Climate Change 28

3.3.1 Detecting a Problem 30

3.3.2 Interpretations of Problems 31

3.3.3 Accepting Responsibility and Taking Action 32

3.4 Summary 33

Glossary 33

Suggestions for Further Reading 34

Review Questions 35

**4 Environmental Stress 36
**Elena Bilotta, Uchita Vaid, and Gary W. Evans

4.1 Introduction 37

4.2 Conceptualizations of Stress 37

4.3 Effects of Environmental Stress 38

4.3.1 Noise 38

4.3.2 Crowding 40

4.3.3 Poor Housing Quality 41

4.3.4 Poor Neighbourhood Quality 42

4.3.5 Traffic Congestion 42

4.4 Summary 43

Glossary 43

Acknowledgements 44

Suggestions for Further Reading 44

Review Questions 44

**5 Scenic Beauty: Visual Landscape Assessment and Human Landscape Perception 45
**Mari S. Tveit, Åsa Ode Sang, and Caroline M. Hagerhall

5.1 Introduction 46

5.2 Visual Quality Assessment 46

5.3 Theories Explaining Landscape Preferences as Innate or Learnt 47

5.4 Measuring and Mapping Scenic Beauty 50

5.5 Methodological Developments 51

5.6 Summary 52

Glossary 52

Suggestions for Further Reading 53

Review Questions 54

**6 Health Benefits of Nature 55
**Agnes E. van den Berg,Yannick Joye, and Sjerp de Vries

6.1 Introduction 56

6.2 What is Health and How can it be Measured? 57

6.3 What is Nature and How can it be Measured? 57

6.4 Nature and Clinical Health 58

6.5 Green Space and Public Health 59

6.6 Mechanisms Linking Nature to Health 60

6.6.1 Air Quality 61

6.6.2 Physical Activity 61

6.6.3 Social Cohesion 62

6.6.4 Stress Reduction 62

6.7 Summary 63

Glossary 63

Suggestions for Further Reading 64

Review Questions 64

**7 Restorative Environments 65
**Yannick Joye and Agnes E. van den Berg

7.1 Introduction 66

7.2 Restorative Environments Research 66

7.2.1 Stress Recovery Theory 67

7.2.2 Attention Restoration Theory 68

7.3 The Evolutionary Origins of Restorative Nature Experiences 69

7.4 Recent Theoretical and Empirical Developments 70

7.4.1 Perceptual Fluency Account 70

7.4.2 Connectedness to Nature 70

7.4.3 MicröRestorative Experiences and Instorative Effects 72

7.5 Applications and Implications 72

7.6 Summary 73

Glossary 73

Suggestions for Further Reading 75

Review Questions 75

**8 Ambivalence Towards Nature and Natural Landscapes 76
**Agnes E. van den Berg and Cecil C. Konijnendijk

8.1 Introduction 77

8.2 Historical Overview 77

8.3 Emotional Impacts and Meanings of Natural Environment Experience 78

8.4 Views of Nature and Landscape Prefere…