Language Interpretation and Communication: a NATO Symposium, was a multi-disciplinary meeting held from September 26 to October 1st 1977 at the Giorgio Cini Foundation on the Isle of San Giorgio Maggiore in Venice. The Symposium explored both applied and theoretical aspects of conference interpre tation and of sign language interpretation. The Symposium was sponsored by the Scientific Affairs Division of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, and we would like to express our thanks to Dr. B. A. Bayrakter of the Scientific Affairs Division and to the Members of the NATO Special Programme Panel on Human Factors for their support. We would also like to thank Dr. F. Benvenutti and his colleagues at the University of Venice for their generous provision of facilities and hospitality for the opening session of the Symposium. Our thanks are also due to Dr. Ernesto Talentino and his colleagues at the Giorgio Cini Foundation who provided such excellent conference facilities and thus helped ensure the success of the meeting. Finally, we would like to express our appreciation and thanks to Becky Graham and Carol Blair for their invaluable contributions to the organization of the Symposium, to Ida Stevenson who prepared these proceedings for publication, and to Donald I. MacLeod who assisted with the final preparation of the manuscript.

Inhalt
Section 1. Conference Interpretation an Introduction.- 1. Language Interpretation and Communication: Introduction to the Proceedings.- 2. How Conference Interpretation Grew.- 3. Selection and Training of Conference Interpreters.- 4. Reflections on the Training of Simultaneous Interpreters: A metalinguistic approach.- 5. Intercultural Communication and the Training of Interpreters at the Monterey Institute of Foreign Studies.- 6. An Integrated Programme for Training Interpreters.- Section 2. Sign Language and Sign Language Interpretation.- 7. The Role of Oral Language in the Evolution of Manual Language.- 8. Sign Language Interpretation: The State of the Art.- 9. Research in Sign Language Interpreting at California State University, Northridge.- 10. Sign Language and Psycholinguistic Process: Fact, Hypotheses and Implications for Interpretation.- 11. Sign Language Interpretation and General Theories of Language, Interpretation and Communication.- Section 3. Bilingualism, Translation and Interpretation.- 12. Linguistic Abilities in Translators and Interpreters.- 13. Psychological Approaches to Bilingualism, Translation and Interpretation.- 14. True Bilingualism and Second Language Learning.- 15. Translating as an Innate Skill.- 16. Four Generations of Machine Translation Research and Prospects for the Future.- Section 4. Linguistic, Sociolinguistic and Social Approaches.- 17 On the Distinction between Linguistics and Pragmatics.- 18. Language Meaning and Message Meaning: Towards a Sociolinguistic Approach to Translation.- 19. Contributions of Cross-Cultural Orientation Programs and Power Analysis to Translation/Interpretation.- 20. Interpreter Roles and Interpretation Situations: Cross-Cutting Typologies.- 21. Behavioral Aspects of Liaison Interpreters in Papua NewGuinea: Some Preliminary Observations.- Section 5. Psychological Approaches.- 22. On the Representations of Experience.- 23. The Bilingual's Performance: Language Dominance, Stress, and Individual Differences.- 24. Summary and Recall of Text in First and Second Languages: Some Factors Contributing to Performance Differences.- 25. Psychosemantics and Simultaneous Interpretation.- 26. An Information-Processing Model of Understanding Speech.- Section 6. Theory and Research in Conference Interpretation.- 27. Human Factors Approach to Simultaneous Interpretation.- 28. Simultaneous Interpretation Units of Meaning and Other Features.- 29. Language and Cognition.- 30. Syntactic Anticipation in German-English Simultaneous Interpreting.- 31. Simultaneous Interpretation: A Hypothetical Model and its Practical Application.- 32. Adult Simultaneous Interpretation: A Functional Analysis of Linguistic Categories and a Comparison with Child Development.- Section 7. Conclusion.- 33. The Contribution of Cognitive Psychology to the Study of Interpretation.- Appendix A. Discussion Report.- Appendix B. List of Participants.- Name Index.