In 1961, neurobiologists found that the conduction velocity of the nerve impulse in the giant nerve fiber of the Penaeus shrimp abdominal nerve cord was over 200 m/s, the highest speed of information transmission ever observed in the animal kingdom. The peculiar myelin sheath with its unique nodal structure and the electrical properties of the nerve fibers of the shrimp have continued to be investigated for a quarter of century and are now fully described in this book. The investigation dispels the commonly held belief that the fastest recorded impulse conduction is about 120 m/s in the thickest vertebrate myelinated nerve fibers. In the shrimp, researchers found a completely novel type of functional node in the giant fiber which they designated as the fenestration node. In portions of the myelinated fiber, the fenestration node furnished the sites of excitation. Also discovered was a new strategy for increasing impulse conduction in the shrimp. The book includes a section on the formation of the fenestration node and the discovery of a strategy that allows the shrimp to escape its predators by an action of the fastest velocity. The data presented in this volume on the myelin sheath of invertebrates present a new direction for this field and a rich source of information for neurobiologists worldwide.

Unveils the mysterious structure of nerve fibers of the shrimp Demonstrates the uniqueness of shrimp nerve fibers with fastest conduction velocity in the animal kingdom Compares distant branches of the evolutionary tree with different morphogenesis but similar outcome

Autorentext

Meng Shen is an Associate Professor at the School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, China. He received his Ph.D. degree from the Department of Computer Science and Technology at Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. His research interests include blockchain applications, data privacy, machine learning security, and cloud security. He has authored over 50 papers in top-level journals and conferences, such as ACM SIGCOMM, IEEE JSAC, and IEEE TIFS. He has guest edited special issues on emerging technologies for data security and privacy in IEEE Network and IEEE Internet-of-Things Journal. He received the Best Paper Runner-Up Award at IEEE IPCCC 2014. He is a member of IEEE and ACM. Liehuang Zhu is a full Professor at the School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology. He has been selected into the P.R. China Ministry of Education Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University. His research interests include Internet of Things, cloud computing security, and Internet and mobile security. He has published over 60 SCI-indexed research papers in these areas, as well as a book with Springer. He serves on the editorial boards of three international journals: IEEE Internet-of-Things Journal, IEEE Network, and IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. He won the Best Paper Award at IEEE/ACM IWQoS 2017 and IEEE TrustCom 2018. Ke Xu holds a Ph.D. from the Department of Computer Science & Technology at Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, where he serves as a Full Professor. He has published more than 200 technical papers and holds 11 US patents in the areas of next-generation Internet, blockchain systems, Internet of Things (IoT), and network security. He is a member of the ACM and senior member of the IEEE. He has guest edited several special issues of IEEE and Springer journals, and he also published the book 'Internet Resource Pricing Models' with Springer in 2013. He serves as an editor of the IEEE IoT Journal and chairs theIEEE/ACM IWQoS steering committee (2018-2021).

Inhalt
I. Introduction.-II. Penaeus Shrimp as an Experimental Marine Animal for Neurobiological Study.-III. Morphological Studies on the Myelin Sheath of Nerve Fibers.-IV. Biochemical study on myelin of nervous system.-V. Myelin Sheath with a New Type of Fine Structure Found in the Nervous System of the Penaeus Shrimp, the Invertebrates.-VI. Two Unique Structures Discovered in the Myelinated Fibers of the Penaeus Shrimp.-VII. Studies on Impulse Conduction of Nerve Fibers .-VIII. Saltatory Conduction Found in the Nervous System of Invertebrates, Shrimp (Penaeus) and the Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestries).-IX. Experimental Confirmation of Saltatory Conduction Hypothesis.-X. Three Mechanisms or Strategies for Increasing Conduction Velocity of Nerve Fibers.-XI. Ultra-High Conduction Velocity Found in the Medial Giant Fiber of Penaeus chinensis and Penaeus japonicas.-XII. Remarks on Evolution of Myelin Sheath, Glial Cells, Nodal Structures and Conduction Function of Nerve Fibers.