In recent years the effort devoted to assuring both the safety and reliability of commercial nuclear fission power reactors has markedly increased. The incentives for performing this work are large since the resulting im provement in plant productivity translates into lower fuel costs and, more importantly, reduced reliance on imported oil. Reliability and availability of nuclear power plants, whether fission or fusion, demand that more attention be focused on the behavior of materials. Recent experiences with fission power indicate that the basic properties of materials, which categorize their reliable behavior under specified conditions, need reinforcement to assure trouble-free operation for the expected service life. The pursuit of additional information con tinues to demand a better understanding of some of the observed anom alous behavior, and of the margin of resistance of materials to unpre dictable service conditions. It is also apparent that, next to plasma heating and confinement, materials selection represents the most serious chal lenge to the introduction of fusion power. The recognition of the importance of materials performance to nu clear plant performance has sustained a multimillion dollar worldwide research and development effort that has yielded significant results, both in quantification of the performance limits of materials in current use and the development and qualification of new materials. Most of this infor mation appears in the open literature in the form of research reports, journal articles, and conference proceedings.

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1. Introduction and Overview.- 1.1. Reactor Systems and Materials.- 1.2. Past Performance of Nuclear Plants.- 1.3. Materials and Design Considerations.- References.- 2. LWR Core Materials.- 2.1. Fuel and Core Designs.- 2.2. Fuel Performance.- 2.3. Plutonium Recycle Fuel Performance.- 2.4. Stainless Steel-UO2 Fuel Experience.- 2.5. Control Materials.- 2.6. Uranium Conservation Measures.- References.- 3. LMFBR Core Materials.- 3.1. Fuel and Core Designs.- 3.2. Performance of Current Mixed Oxide Fuel Designs.- 3.3. Advanced Oxide Fuel Development.- 3.4. Advanced Fuel Development.- 3.5. Control Rod Material Development.- 3.6. Proliferation-Resistant Fuel Cycles.- References.- 4. Fission Reactor Pressure Boundary Materials.- 4.1. Design and Materials of Construction.- 4.2. Developments in Fracture Mechanics.- 4.3. Material Characteristics.- 4.4. Materials Improvements.- References.- 5. Fusion First-Wall/Blanket Materials.- 5.1. First-Wall/Blanket Designs.- 5.2. Materials and Structural Integrity Considerations.- References.- 6. Heat Exchanger Materials.- 6.1. Design and Materials of Construction.- 6.2. PWR Steam Generator Experience.- 6.3. LMFBR Steam Generator and IHX Development.- 6.4. Condenser Experience.- References.- 7. Steam Turbine Materials.- 7.1. Design and Materials of Construction.- 7.2. Turbine Damage Mechanisms.- 7.3. Improvements in Turbine Materials.- References.- 8. Future Trends in Nuclear Materials.- 8.1. Overview of the Materials Problems.- 8.2. Specific Materials Developments.- 8.3. Related Technologies.- 8.4. Closing Remarks.- References.- Appendixes.- Appendix A.- Appendix B.- Appendix C.