xv NOTES ON THE ORTHOGRAPHY AND CITATIONS xxi LIST OF ABBREVIA TIONS XXIIl CHAPTER 1: GRAMMATICAL NOTES 1 1. Introduction 1 2. Basics 1 3. Major Lexical Classes 2 3. 1. V 3 3. 2. N 3 3. 3. A 5 3. 3. 1. Quantifiers 6 3. 3. 2. Existentials and Locatives 6 4. Minor Lexical Classes 7 4. 1. Clitics 7 4. 1. 1. Clause-proclitic 7 4. 1. 2. S-enclitic 8 4. 1. 3. V-enclitic 8 4. 1. 4. Clause-second 9 4. 2. Directionals 9 4. 3. Particles 11 5. Flagging 11 6. Word Order 12 7. Construction Survey 12 7. 1. Negation 12 13 7. 2. Questions 7. 3. Complement Clauses 14 16 7. 4. Motion cum Purpose 17 7. 5. Topics 7. 6. Prepredicate Position 18 19 Notes CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL SKETCH 20 20 1. Arcs vii Vlll T ABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 1. Sets of Grammatical Relations 22 1. 2. Stratum 24 Ergative and Absolutive 1. 3. 25 1. 4. 25 Formal Connections between Arcs 2. Sponsor and Erase 26 2. 1. Successors 26 2. 2. Replacers 28 2. 3. Self-Sponsor and Self-Erase 30 3. Ancestral Relations 31 4. Pair Networks 31 Resolution of Overlapping Arcs 32 5. 6. Coordinate Determination 33 7. Rules and Laws 35 8. Word Order 36 9. APG Versions of RG Laws 36 9. 1. Stratal Uniqueness Law 36 9. 2. Chomeur Law and Motivated Chomage Law 36 Relational Succession Law and Host Limitation Law 9. 3.

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1: Grammatical Notes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basics.- 3. Major Lexical Classes.- 4. Minor Lexical Classes.- 5. Flagging.- 6. Word Order.- 7. Construction Survey.- 2: Theoretical Sketch.- 1. Arcs.- 2. Sponsor and Erase.- 3. Ancestral Relations.- 4. Pair Networks.- 5. Resolution of Overlapping Arcs.- 6. Coordinate Determination.- 7. Rules and Laws.- 8. Word Order.- 9. APG Versions of RG Laws.- 3: Inflection and Agreement.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Moods and Aspects.- 3. Cross-referencing Person.- 4. Cross-referencing Number.- 5. The Optionality of Number Agreement.- 6. Agreement and Covert Arguments.- 7. APG Account of Agreement.- 4: Passive Clauses.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Syntax of Passive Clauses.- 3. Tzotzil Passive Rules (APG).- 5: Reflexive Clauses.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Reflexive Clauses.- 3. Reciprocal Coreference.- 4. Tzotzil Rules (APG).- 6: Unaccusative Clauses.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Reflexive Unaccusative Clauses.- 3. Plain Unaccusative Clauses.- 4. Verb Classification.- 5. Tzotzil Rules (APG).- 7: Ditransitive Clauses.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Ditransitive Clauses.- 3. 3-to-2 Advancement.- 4. Non-Existence of Final Indirect Objects.- 5. Restrictions on Advancement.- 6. Ditransitive Perfect Passives.- 7. Tzotzil Rules (APG).- 8. Conclusion.- 8: Possessor Ascension.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Possessor Ascension.- 3. Coreference Condition 1.- 4. Restriction on Ascension Host.- 5. Tzotzil Possessor Ascension Rule.- 6. The Unique 3 Arc Constraint.- 7. Optional Cases of Possessor Ascension.- 8. Coreference Condition 2.- 9. Possessor Ascension in Discourse.- 10. APG Laws and Tzotzil Rules.- 11. Conclusion.- 9: Topic, Focus, and Copy Possessor Ascension.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Distinguishing Topic and Focus.- 3. Surface Constituency in Possessor Ascension Structures.- 4. Topic andFocus.- 5. Copy and Coreferential Pronouns.- 6. APG Laws and Tzotzil Rules.- 10: Surrogate Agreement.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Possessor Ascension.- 3. Conjunct Union.- 4. Summary.- 5. APG Laws and Tzotzil Rules.- 6. Conclusion.- 11: Clause Unions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Causative Clause Union.- 3. Abilitative Clause Union.- 4. Summary.- 5. APG Laws and Tzotzil Rules.- 12: Quantification and Initial Absolutives.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Quantifiers.- 3. Prepredicate Quantifiers without Classifier.- 4. Prepredicate Quantifiers with Classifier.- 5. Postpredicate Quantifiers.- 6. Grammatical Relations versus Linear Order.- 7. Conclusion.- Conclusion.- Phonological Rules.- 1. Deletion of Stem-initial Glottal Stop.- 2. Deletion of Prevocalic A3 Prefix.- 3. Neutral Aspect Marker.- 4. Spirant Assimilation.- 5. Contraction.- 6. Geminate Reduction.- 7. Vowel Deletion.- References.