This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Colloquium on Grammatical Inference, ICGI 2008, held in Saint-Malo, France, in September 2008. The 21 revised full papers and 8 revised short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 36 submissions. The topics of the papers presented vary from theoretical results of learning algorithms to innovative applications of grammatical inference, and from learning several interesting classes of formal grammars to applications to natural language processing.

Inhalt
Regular Papers.- Learning Meaning Before Syntax.- Schema-Guided Induction of Monadic Queries.- A Polynomial Algorithm for the Inference of Context Free Languages.- Learning Languages from Bounded Resources: The Case of the DFA and the Balls of Strings.- Relevant Representations for the Inference of Rational Stochastic Tree Languages.- Learning Commutative Regular Languages.- Learning Left-to-Right and Right-to-Left Iterative Languages.- Learning Bounded Unions of Noetherian Closed Set Systems Via Characteristic Sets.- A Learning Algorithm for Multi-dimensional Trees, or: Learning Beyond Context-Freeness.- On Learning Regular Expressions and Patterns Via Membership and Correction Queries.- State-Merging DFA Induction Algorithms with Mandatory Merge Constraints.- Using Multiplicity Automata to Identify Transducer Relations from Membership and Equivalence Queries.- Towards Feasible PAC-Learning of Probabilistic Deterministic Finite Automata.- Learning Context-Sensitive Languages from Linear Structural Information.- Polynomial Time Probabilistic Learning of a Subclass of Linear Languages with Queries.- How to Split Recursive Automata.- A Note on the Relationship between Different Types of Correction Queries.- Unsupervised Learning of Probabilistic Context-Free Grammar using Iterative Biclustering.- Polynomial Distinguishability of Timed Automata.- Evaluation and Comparison of Inferred Regular Grammars.- Identification in the Limit of k,l-Substitutable Context-Free Languages.- Poster Papers.- Learning Subclasses of Pure Pattern Languages.- Which Came First, the Grammar or the Lexicon?.- Learning Node Label Controlled Graph Grammars (Extended Abstract).- Inference of Uniquely Terminating EML.- Estimating Graph Parameters Using Graph Grammars.- Learning of Regular ?-Tree Languages.- Inducing Regular Languages Using Grammar-Based Classifier System.- Problems with Evaluation of Unsupervised Empirical Grammatical Inference Systems.