This book includes the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute held at Washington State University, Pullman, Washington from July 26 until August 6, 1982. Although genetic engineering in eukaryotes is best developed in yeast and mammalian cells, the reader will find that some emphasis has been put on plant systems. Indeed, it was our position that the development of plant cell genetic transformation would benefit from the interactions between a comparatively smaller number of fungal and animal cell experts and a larger number of plant cell specialists representing various aspects of plant molecular genetic research. On the other hand, it is clear that the ultimate achievements of plant genetic engineering will have a tremendous ~pact on, among other things, food production without generating the problems of ethics encountered when one contempla-tes the genetic modification of human beings. Therefore, this slight bias in favor of the plant kingdom simply reflects our belief that a "second green revolution" will benefit mankind to a greater extent than any other kind of genetic engine ering. The keynote lecture of the Institute was delivered by Dr. John Slaughter, Director of the National Science Foundation, whom we deeply thank for his words of encouragement and commitment to the genetic manipulation of plants.

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Transformation in Fungi.- Gene Organization and Regulation in Neurospora crassa. Evidence from the Cloning and Transformation of the qa Gene Cluster.- Use of Transformation and Meiotic Gene Conversion to Construct a Yeast Strain Containing a Deletion in the Alcohol Dehydrogenase I Gene.- Transformation and Storage of Competent Yeast Cells.- DNA Transfer into Animal Cells.- The Dominant Selective Marker APH 3? and the Study of the Expression of the Cotransfected Gene.- Close Linkage of Transferred Galactokinase and Thymidine Kinase Genes in a Transformant after DNA-Mediated Gene Transfer.- Transfer of DNA into Higher Eukaryotic Cells Using Recombinant Vectors Based on Simian Virus 40 and Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase Genes.- Construction and Transfer into Mammalian Cells of a Vector Containing Insect Histone Genes.- An Insect Virus for Genetic Engineering: Developing Baculovirus Polyhedrin Substitution Vectors.- Genetic Engineering of Plant Cells: A Rapid Overview.- Bacterial-Plant Gene Cloning Shuttle Vectors for Genetic Modification of Plants.- Construction of Cloning Vectors from the IncW Plasmid pSa and Their Use in Analysis of Crown Gall Tumor Formation.- Construction of Recombinant Ti Plasmids Containing the chlM Gene from E. coli.- Reversal of Plant Tumor Formation.- Regeneration of Plants from Crown Gall Cells. A Step in the T-DNA Mediated Genetic Engineering of Plants.- The Potential Uses of Agrobacterium rhizogenes in the Genetic Engineering of Higher Plants: Nature Got There First.- Viroids and Genetic Engineering.- Liposomes as a Tool for Introducing Biologically Active Viral Nucleic Acids into Plant Protoplasts.- Plant Genetic Manipulations: Applications from Plant Somatic Cell Genetics.- Selection of Tobacco Protoplast-Derived Cells for Resistance toAmino Acids and Regeneration of Resistant Plants.- Nitrate Reductase Genes as Selectable Markers for Plant Cell Transformation.- Regeneration of Plants from Single Cells of Cereals and Grasses.- Auxotroph Complementation via Protoplast Fusion in Hyoscyamus muticus and Nicotiana tabacum.- Approaches to Plant Protoplast Transformation Using Drug Resistance and Auxotroph Complementation as Selective Markers.- Contributors.