This volume is based on the proceedings of a NATO-Gulbenkian Foundation sponsored Summer School held in May-June 1982 in Sintra Estoril, Portugal. Given the accelerated growth of knowledge in the field of eukaryotic gene expression, it seemed timely to hold a NATO Advanced Study Institute to discuss current developments in this area of biology and to evaluate the potential of emerging technologies such as gene transfer, recombinant DNA cloning and quantitative high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The initial articles in t~is volume describe various differentiation models and address questions such as the relationships between differentiation and cell proliferation, biochemical changes accompanying differen tiation, expression of differentiated gene products and their regulation as well as gene organization of cytoskeletal proteins. The second section describes properties of neoplastic cells, surveys current assays for transformation and offers some new insights into the mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. The third part is dedicated to viral oncogenesis and to the role of onco genes in cell transformation. Particular emphasis is given to the role of tyrosine kinases in cell transformation. The concluding section deals with various aspects of gene expression in normal and transformed cells with special emphasis given to studies using two dimensional gel electrophoresis, cell hybridization, gene transfer and immunological techniques.

Inhalt
Differentiation Models and Gene Expression in Differentiated Cells.- 1. Molecular Approach to the Study of Neural Function and Differentiation.- 2. Cellular Systems and Aspects of Protein Synthesis in the Study of Muscle Cell Differentiation.- 3. Organization of Muscle-Specific Genes in the Rodent Genome.- 4. Approaches to the Biochemistry of Differentiation of Mouse Embryonal Carcinoma Cells.- 5. Changes of Protein Glycosylation during Differentiation of Mouse Embryonal Carcinoma Cells.- 6. Focussing on a Particular Model of Cell Differentiation: The Vertebrate Eye Lens.- The Neoplastic Cell; Carcinogenesis.- 7. The Neoplastic Cell and its Analysis by Cell Hybridization: 1. The Nature of the Transformation Process and its Markers, 2. Analysis of Transformation by Cell Hybridization.- 8. DNA and Time in Carcinogenesis.- Viral Oncogenesis.- 9. The Molecular Genetics of Avian Erythroblastosis Virus.- 10. Protein Kinases Specific for Tyrosine Residues and the Role of Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Proteins in Cell Transformation.- 11. Enzootic Bovine Leukosis and Bovine Leukemia Virus.- 12. Gene Transfer into Culture Cells and its Application to Study Cell Transformation.- Gene Expression in Normal and Transformed Cells.- 13. Expression of Cellular Protein in Normal and Transformed Human Cultured Cells.- 14. Polypeptide Synthesis in Human Sarcoma and Normal Tissue.- 15. The Reversible Modulation of the Synthesis of Matrix Components in Definitive Chondroblasts Transformed by a ts-Rous Sarcoma Virus Mutant.- 16. Proteins Affected by Chromosome 21 and Ageing in Vitro.- 17. Variation in Expression of Human Major Histocompatibility Genes in Mouse L Cells after DNA-Mediated Gene Transfer.- 18. Expression of Development-Phase Specific Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes in Cultured Cancer Cells.- 19. Nonhistone Protein Antigens in Rat Hepatomas.- Contributors.