This book demonstrates how varying levels of human disturbance manifested through different management regimes influence composition, richness, diversity and abundance of key mammal, bird and plant species, even within ecologically similar habitats. Based on our results, we show the critical importance of the 'wildlife preservation' approach for effective biodiversity conservation. The study also provides examples of a practical application of rigorous methods of quantitative sampling of different plant and animal taxa as well as human influences, thus serving as a useful manual for protected area managers. Protected areas of various kinds have been established in India with the goal of arresting decline in, and to provide for, recovery of biodiversity and ecosystem services. A model that targets 'wildlife preservation' under state ownership is practiced across the country. However, forests in India are under intensive human pressure and varying levels of protection; therefore,protected areas may also experience open-access resource use, a model that is being aggressively advocated as a viable alternative to 'preservationism'. We have evaluated the conservation efficacy of alternative forest management models by quantifying levels of biodiversity under varied levels of access, resource extraction and degree of state-sponsored protection in the Nagarahole forest landscape of southwestern India.

Provides insights into the influence of human disturbance on a variety of taxa Uses scientifically robust methodology for the quantification of biodiversity Highlights the value of protection for effective conservation in human-dominated landscapes Is authored by an accomplished practitioner with over 20 years of experience in biodiversity protection and protected area management Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

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**G. ViswanathaReddy **is the Additional Principal Conservator of Forests and Chief Wildlife Warden, Department of Forest, Government of Rajasthan. He has more than 25 years of experience in protected area management and conservation of wildlife. He is also one of those rare park managers who is deeply interested and encouraging of research on wildlife. Dr. Reddy received his doctoral degree from Manipal University, in 2011, and has multiple peer-reviewed scientific publications. Dr. Reddy also has international experience in managing parks, having served as an Ecosystem Manager in Indonesia, as part of the World Bank-funded Aceh Forests and Environment Project. He is also well renowned for his efforts to improve protection in Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, where he served as a Deputy Conservator of Forests and Deputy Field Director between 1997 and 2002, and subsequently as Field Director (2002-2003). In this capacity, he improved the management of the park, augmented its eco-tourism capability through engagement of local residents, stopped destructive mining practices within the park, and facilitated voluntary resettlement of families living within the park. He has been recognized for his hard work and effective conservation through various awards, including the Carl Zeiss Wildlife Conservation Award, Eco-Warrier Award, from Earth Foundation Matters, and a Merit Award from the Government of Rajasthan. He has also participated in multiple international conferences and workshops on conservation of tigers and other wildlife.

**K. Ullas Karanth **is the Director of Science Asia, Wildlife Conservation Society, and a globally renowned expert on tiger ecologyand conservation. He has over two decades of experience in implementing successful research and conservation programs in the Western Ghats. He has more than 100 scientific publications, and has served as an expert on a number of wildlife boards. His pioneering work on using camera trapsto monitor tiger population abundance has been adopted worldwide for a number of species, including jaguars, and nationally, for counting tigers within major source populations in the country. Dr. Karanth has also penned a number of popular articles aimed at making science and the complexities of wildlife conservation accessible to the layman. He serves as an editor on a number of scientific journals of international repute, and is a Fellow at the Indian Academy of Sciences. Dr. Karanth is an Adjunct Professor at the University of Florida, University of Minnesota, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-National Centre for Biological Sciences, and Manipal University. He has received numerous awards, including the prestigious Padmashree, a National Civilian Honour conferred by the President of India, and the Rajyothsava Award for environmental and wildlife conservation by the Government of Karnataka.

**N. Samba Kumar **is the Additional Director Science and Training, Wildlife Conservation Society, India Program. With over 40 scientific publications, Dr. Kumar is an acclaimed scientists specializing in ungulate biology and conservation. His knowledge of sampling protocols for assessing population status of large mammals is unrivalled, while his doctoral thesis, submitted to Manipal University, involves the development of advanced methods that are sure to change our ability to understand the dynamics of ungulate populations in a number of landscapes throughout India. Dr. Kumar has mentored and trained a number of amateur wildlife enthusiasts, a number of whom have gone on to embrace the field of wildlife conservation; some of them are working professionals in the field today. He has also trained a number of forest department staff, and interacted with park managers to a large extent, working towards integration of science and park management. Dr. Kumar has received a number of awards, including the Carl Zeiss Wildlife Conservation Award and has attended numerous international and national conferences and workshops on wildlife research and conservation.

**JagdishKrishnaswamy **is the Convenor and Senior Fellow at the SuriSeghal Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment. After completing his doctorate from the Duke University in 1999, Dr. Krishnaswamy has successfully implemented a number of research programs throughout India, and in addition, has advised numerous scientists in the field. As an affiliate faculty at the National Centre for Biological Sciences, Dr. Krishnaswamy has taught statistics, landscape ecology and hydrology, at the post-graduate level. He also teaches courses at the National Institute of Advanced Studies and the Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment. He has published over 50 scientific peer-reviewed articles, and has served on the editorial board of international journals. Dr. Krishnaswamy's in the field of hydrology, as related to wildlife conservation, is path-breaking, and his contributions have led to various on-ground conservation actions. He is a member of the Gharial Conservation Alliance, which is an international alliance dedicated to saving the species.

**Krithi K. Karanth **is an Associate Conservation Scientist with the Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York. She is also a recipient of the Ramanujan Fellowship offered by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. Dr. Karanth's interests span issues involving conservation of wildlife outside protected areas, tourism initiatives for conservation, and voluntary resettlement of people from forest interiors. She is a prolific writer with over 30 peer-reviewed scientific publications, and more than 30 popular articles and blogs. She is the 10,000th grantee and explorer of the National Geographic Society, and was recognized for her achievements as the Young Global Leader and one of 15 women changing the world, at the World Economic Forum in 2015, an INK fellow in 2013, and Distinguished Alumna at both the Yale Tropical Resources Institute and U…