The development of geography also forms an interesting chapter in the history of the University ofTartu and in that of Estonian science in general. On the one hand, geography is a natural science in the broader sense ofthe word, on the other hand it is a study of human activity. This status of geography makes it particularly sensitive to the cultural and political circumstances under which scholarship and science have developed in Estonia. The article by Professor of Human Geography Ott Kurs (born 1939) and historian of science (PhD in geography) Erki Tamrniksaar (born 1969) "In Political Draughts Between Science and the Humanities: Geography at the University ofTartu Between the th th 17 -20 Centuries" is devoted to this topic. Among other things, the article states that regular instruction in geography started at the University of Tartu in 1826, when the second chair of geography in Europe was established here. Although the present book does not contain any studies on philosophy at th Tartu University in the 19 century, I would still like to mention two names. th In the early 19 century, I. Kant's philosophy was dominant at Tartu Uni versity. One of Kant's pupils, Gottlob Benjamin Jasche (1762-1839), who had worked under him as a Privatdozent in Konigsberg, served as a professor here from 1802-1839. In the history of philosophy he is primarily known as the publisher of Kant's Logic.

Klappentext

The present collection attempts to be an essential step in acquainting the international reader with the Estonian contribution to the philosophy and history of science, including the recent history and policy of science and philosophy in Estonia on its way back to the Western world after the break-up of the Soviet Union. The book comprises mainly new papers. The authors - philosophers and scientists - represent every generation from emeritus professors to young researchers who have already received their education according to international standards and acquired a contemporary way of analytic reasoning and technique of investigation. br/ The primary audience for this volume is: students as well as professionals of philosophy, methodology and logic of science; history of science and science studies; philosophy of mind; medical ethics; history, philosophy and methodology of physics, mathematics, chemistry, geography, medicine, but also those interested in cultural history and recent developments in a small Baltic country.

Inhalt
I / Studies in the history and policy of science in Estonia.- Newton's Principia in the Curricula of the University of Tartu (Dorpat( in the Early 1690-s.- A University Between Two Cultures: On the Development of TartuIDorpat University in the 19thand Early 20th Centuries.- The Emergence of Physical Chemistry: The Contribution of the University of Tartu.- In Political Draughts Between Science and the Humanities: Geography at the University of Tartu Between the 17th20th Centuries.- Formation of R&D Policy in a Small Country in a Changing World.- Science and Society Faculties Close or Apart?.- II / Studies in the general methodolgy, history and philosophy of science.- Some Fundamental Criteria of the Scientific Method and the Internal Structure of ScienceThe Role of Clinical Bioethics between Moral Principles and Concrete Situations.- The Glory and Misery of Modern Science.- Edmund Husserl Pursuing the Paths of Descartes:The Paris Lectureson Philosophy as a Universal Science.- Herman Boerhaave Communis Europae Praeceptor: Internal vs. External in the History of Science.- The Problem of the Relationship Between Human and Physical Realities in Ilya Prigogine's Paradigm of Self-Organisation.- Science and Magic: Causality.- Symmetry and Rationality.- Chemistry as an Interesting Subject for the Philosophy of Science.- III / Studies in the philisophy of physics.- Physical Reality, Theoretical Physics, and Mathematics.- Outsolutions in Physical Theories. Physical Considerations.- What is Time?.- The Copenhagen Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics and Common SenseOrthodoxie et Orthopraxie.- IV / Studies in the methodology and philisophy of special fields of research.- Knowledge, Human Interests and Migration Studies.- Value-Neutral PaternalismOrthodoxie etOrthopraxie.- Inter-Level Explanation and the Category-MistakeOrthodoxie et Orthopraxie.- On the Raising of a HandOrthodoxie et Orthopraxie.