In this book, a team of communications technology experts deliver an up-to-date and technical discussion of 5G backhaul and fronthaul, preparing readers for the deployment of 5G technologies, covering the technologies essentials, and offering views of further 5G backhaul and fronthaul evolution.

5G Backhaul and Fronthaul serves both advanced-level experts with senior roles in organizations who are already proficient in these technologies, and general interest readers seeking a primer on what these technologies can provide.

Readers will also find:

Thorough introductions to 5G backhaul and fronthaul, as well as selected industry forums and activities
Analysis of high-level requirements for 5G backhaul and fronthaul and 5G network architecture
In-depth explorations of wireless backhaul and fronthaul access technologies, including fiber optic and wireless technologies, network security, network slicing, IP VPNs, Ethernet services, time sensitive networks and shared transport
Practical treatments of the functions and services provided by backhaul and fronthaul
Coverage of new 5G enterprise, industrial and smart city deployments

Perfect for mobile network industry professionals, 5G Backhaul and Fronthaul will also earn a place in the libraries of people with an interest in 5G technologies, fiber technologies, IP and security, Ethernet, mobile network synchronization and mobile network performance.

Autorentext

Esa Markus Metsälä, Nokia, Finland, leads the 5G Radio Access Network System Specification Team in networking and transport. He has extensive experience working with mobile backhaul system-level specifications and requirements. Juha T. T. Salmelin manages Smart City initiatives at Nokia Networks. He has over twenty years' experience on mobile backhaul research as a team leader, department manager, and technology head at Nokia.

Klappentext

5G BACKHAUL AND FRONTHAUL In-depth coverage of all technologies required for deployment and further evolution of 5G mobile network backhaul and fronthaul In this book, a team of communications technology experts deliver an up-to-date and technical discussion of 5G backhaul and fronthaul, preparing readers for the deployment of 5G technologies, covering the technologies essentials, and offering views of further 5G backhaul and fronthaul evolution. 5G Backhaul and Fronthaul serves both advanced-level experts with senior roles in organizations who are already proficient in these technologies, and general interest readers seeking a primer on what these technologies can provide. Readers will also find: Thorough introductions to 5G backhaul and fronthaul, as well as selected industry forums and activities Analysis of high-level requirements for 5G backhaul and fronthaul and 5G network architecture In-depth explorations of wireless backhaul and fronthaul access technologies, including fiber optic and wireless technologies, network security, network slicing, IP VPNs, Ethernet services, time sensitive networks and shared transport Practical treatments of the functions and services provided by backhaul and fronthaul * Coverage of new 5G enterprise, industrial and smart city deployments Perfect for mobile network industry professionals, 5G Backhaul and Fronthaul will also earn a place in the libraries of people with an interest in 5G technologies, fiber technologies, IP and security, Ethernet, mobile network synchronization and mobile network performance.

Inhalt

Acknowledgements xi About the Editors xiii List of Contributors xv 1 Introduction 1 Esa Metsälä and Juha Salmelin 1.1 Introducing 5G in Transport 1 1.2 Targets of the Book 3 1.3 Backhaul and Fronthaul Scope within the 5G System 3 1.4 Arranging Connectivity within the 5G System 4 1.5 Standardization Environment 5 1.5.1 3GPP and other organizations 5 References 8 2 5G System Design Targets and Main Technologies 11 Harri Holma and Antti Toskala 11 2.1 5G System Target 11 2.2 5G Technology Components 12 2.3 Network Architecture 14 2.4 Spectrum and Coverage 21 2.5 Beamforming 22 2.6 Capacity 24 2.6.1 Capacity per Cell 24 2.6.2 Capacity per Square Kilometre 24 2.7 Latency and Architecture 26 2.8 Protocol Optimization 28 2.8.1 Connectionless RRC 28 2.8.2 Contention-Based Access 28 2.8.3 Pipelining 29 2.9 Network Slicing and QoS 30 2.10 Integrated Access and Backhaul 32 2.11 Ultra Reliable and Low Latency 33 2.12 Open RAN 34 2.13 3GPP Evolution in Release 16/17 36 2.14 5G-Advanced 38 References 39 3 5G RAN Architecture and Connectivity - A Techno-economic Review 41 Andy Sutton 3.1 Introduction 41 3.2 Multi-RAT Backhaul 41 3.3 C-RAN and LTE Fronthaul 43 3.4 5G RAN Architecture 44 3.5 5G D-RAN Backhaul Architecture and Dimensioning 46 3.6 Integrating 5G within a Multi-RAT Backhaul Network 48 3.7 Use Case - BT/EE 5G Network in the UK 51 3.8 5G C-RAN - F1 Interface and Midhaul 55 3.9 5G C-RAN - CPRI, eCPRI and Fronthaul 56 3.10 Connectivity Solutions for Fronthaul 59 3.11 Small Cells in FR1 and FR 2 62 3.12 Summary 62 References 63 4 Key 5G Transport Requirements 65 Kenneth Y. Ho and Esa Metsälä 4.1 Transport Capacity 65 4.1.1 5G Radio Impacts to Transport 65 4.1.2 Backhaul and Midhaul Dimensioning Strategies 67 4.1.3 Protocol Overheads 68 4.1.4 Backhaul and Midhaul Capacity 69 4.1.5 Fronthaul Capacity 70 4.1.6 Ethernet Link Speeds 71 4.2 Transport Delay 73 4.2.1 Contributors to Delay in 5G System 73 4.2.2 Allowable Transport Delay 73 4.2.3 User Plane and Control Plane Latency for the Logical Interfaces 75 4.2.4 Fronthaul (Low-Layer Split Point) 76 4.2.5 Low-Latency Use Cases 77 4.3 Transport Bit Errors and Packet Loss 78 4.3.1 Radio-Layer Performance and Retransmissions 78 4.3.2 Transport Bit Errors and Packet Loss 79 4.4 Availability and Reliability 80 4.4.1 Definitions 80 4.4.2 Availability Targets 81 4.4.3 Availability in Backhaul Networks 82 4.4.4 Recovery Times in Backhaul and Fronthaul 84 4.4.5 Transport Reliability 84 4.4.6 Air Interface Retransmissions and Transport Reliability 87 4.4.7 Packet Duplication in 5G and Transport 88 4.4.8 Transport Analysis Summary for Availability and Reliability 90 4.5 Security 91 4.5.1 Summary of 5G Cryptographic Protection 91 4.5.2 Network Domain Protection 92 4.5.3 Security in Fronthaul 92 4.6 Analysis for 5G Synchronization Requirement 92 4.6.1 Frequency Error 93 4.6.2 Time Alignment Error (Due to TDD Timing) 93 4.6.3 Time Alignment Error (Due to MIMO) 100 4.6.4 Time Alignment Error (Due to Carrier Aggregation) 101 4.6.5 Time Alignment Accuracy (Due to Other Advanced Features) 102 References 102 5 Further 5G Network Topics 105 Esa Malkamäki, Mika Aalto, Juha Salmelin and Esa Metsälä 5.1 Transport Network Slicing 105 5.1.1 5G System-Level Operation 105 5.1.2 Transport Layers 105 5.2 Integrated Access and Backhaul 108 5.2.1 Introduction 108 5.2.2 IAB Architecture 109 5.2.3 Deployment Scenarios and Use Cases 110 5.2.4 IAB Protocol Stacks 111 5.2.5 IAB User Plane 113 5.2.6 IAB Signalling Procedures 114 5.2.7 Backhaul Adaptation Protocol 116 5.2.8 BH Link Failure Handling 117 5.2.9 IAB in 3GPP Release 17 and Beyond 118 5.3 Ntn 118 5.3.1 NTN in 3GPP 118 5.3.2 Different Access Types 119 5.3.3 Protocol Stacks 121 5.3.4 Transparent Architecture 123 5.3.5 Feeder Link Switchover 124 5.4 URLLC Services and Transport 125 5.4.1 Background 125 5.4.2 Reliability 127 5.4.3 Latency 128 5.5 Industry Solutions and Private 5G 129 5.5.1 Introduction to Private 5G Networking 129 5.5.2 3GPP Features Supporting Private 5G Use Cases 130 5.5.3 URLLC and TSC in Private 5G 133 5.6 Smart Cities 133 5.6.1 Needs of Cities 134 5.6.2 Possible Solutions 135 5.6.3 New Business Models 137 5.6.4 Implications for BH/FH 138 References 139 6 Fibre Backhaul and Fronthaul 141 Pascal Dom, Lieven Levrau, Derrick Remedios and Juha Sa…