This volume is based on lectures and contributed papers presented at the Eleventh Course of the International School of Materials Science and Tech nology that was held in Erice, Sicily, Italy at the Ettore Majorana Center for Scientific Culture during the period 6-17 July 1986. The subject of the course was "Electro-optic and Photorefractive Materials: Applications in Sig nal Processing and Phase Conjugation" . The fields of electro-optics and photorefraction have developed rapidly since the invention of lasers just over twenty-five years ago. The possibil of altering the optical properties of a material by electric fields or by ity optical waves is of great importance for both pure science and for practical applications such as optical signal processing, telecommunications and opti cal display devices. These effects allow us to manipulate (modulate, deflect) and process a given light wave. Modulation, deflection and processing of light waves by means of the electro-optic effect is of fundamental importance in fiber optic telecommuniC1. tions and sensor systems w here the light signals can be processed prior or subsequent to transmission through the fibers. Thin film electro-optic materials with suitable electrode arrays on· the surface of the wave-guiding structures result in a technology often referred to as inte grated optics. In principle, integrated optics devices allow miniaturization and integration of many operations onto a single chip. The photorefractive effect, defined as a photo-induced change of the in dices of refraction, was the other topic treated in this course.

Inhalt
I Electro-optical Effects and Materials.- Electro-optical Effects in Dielectric Crystals.- Electrooptic Effects in Crystals Induced by Phase Transitions.- Electric Field Dependence of Optical Properties of Quantum Well Structures..- Transparent Ferroelectric Ceramics I. Composition, Structure and Requirements for Production.- Transparent Ferroelectric Ceramics II. Specific Properties and Applications.- Transparent Ferroelectric Ceramics III. Photorefraction and Formation of Holographic Gratings.- II Electro-optical Effects in Liquid Crystals and Biopolymers.- The Chemistry and Physics of Thermotropic Liquid Crystals.- Electro-optic Effects in Liquid Crystals.- Electro-optic Devices Using Liquid Crystals.- Nonlinear Optical and Electro-optical Properties of Biopolymers.- III Electro-optical Devices.- to Integrated Optics.- Integrated Electro-optic Devices.- Integrated Optics for Optical Communications.- Nuclear Techniques for Optical Waveguide Characterization.- Optical Waveguides in LiNbO3 Produced by Ti In-diffusion, Ion Exchange and Ion Implantation.- Room-Temperature Bulk GaAs: Dominant Nonlinearities, Fast-Recovery Gates, Arrays for Parallel Processing.- IV Photorefractive Effects.- to Photorefractive Materials.- Theory of Volume Hologram Formation in Photorefractive Crystals.- Anisotropic Bragg Diffraction in Photorefractive Crystals.- Physics of the Photorefractive Effect in BaTiO3.- V Nonlinear Optical Applications with Photorefractive Crystals.- to Optical Signal Processing with Photorefractive Materials.- Optical Oscillators with Photorefractive Gain.- Moving Photorefractive Gratings in Bi12SiO20 and Applications to Phase Conjugation and Optical Signal Processing.- 6 Contributed Papers.- Polarization Properties of Phase Volume Gratings Recorded in a Bi12SiO20 Crystal for Two Transverse Configurations.- Polarization Properties of Diffraction from Elementary Gratings in Optically Active and Linearly Birefringent Materials.- Self-induced Changes in the Refractive Index in CdS at ? = 532 nm.- Self-pulsation and Incoherent Beam Coupling Effects in Self-pumped BaTiO3.- Hysteresis in the Bifurcation Structure of a Nonlinear Optical Device with a Time-Dependent Bifurcation Parameter.- Two-Dimensional Spatial Light Modulators for High-Resolution TV Applications.- Photoinduced TE-TM Mode Conversion in Ti:LiNbO3 Waveguides.- Index of Contributors.