Dynamic Brain Imaging

If a picture is worth a thousand words, then dynamic images of brain activity certainly warrant many, many more. This book will help users learn to decipher the dynamic imaging data that will be critical to our future understanding of complex brain functions. In recent years, there have been unprecedented methodological advancements in the imaging of brain activity. These techniques allow the measurement of everything from neural activity (e.g., membrane potential, ion ?ux, neurotransmitter ?ux) to energy metabolism (e.g., glucose consumption, oxygen consumption, creatine kinase ?ux) and functional hyperemia (e.g., blood ?ow, volume, oxygenation). This book deals with a variety of magnetic resonance, electrophysiology, and optical methods that are often used to measure some of these dynamic processes. All chapters were written by leading experts, spanning three continents, specializing in state-of-the-art methods. Brie?y, the book has ?ve sections. In the introductory section, there are two chapters; the ?rst one contains a brief pre- ble to dynamic brain imaging and the other presents a novel, analytical approach to processing of dynamically acquired data. The second section has four chapters and delves into a wide range of optical imaging methods. I am privileged to include a chapter from Lawrence B. Cohen, considered by many to be the authority on optical imaging and spectroscopy, both in vitro and in vivo [Cohen LB (1973) Physiol Rev.

Provides a balanced emphasis on methods and applications that even specialists within various functional imaging fields will find useful Contains a review of developments in technical features of dynamic multi-modal imaging and analytical tools for characterization of dynamic signals Includes novel multi-modal applications in neuroimaging to epilepsy, with state-of-the-art demonstrations of increased sensitivity and specificity of detection Examines examples of dynamic functional imaging of multiple brain areas (e.g., cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb, retina) using cutting-edge multi-modal techniques

Klappentext

The developing of in vivo neuroscience techniques is rapidly improving the specificity and sensitivity of measurements of brain function. However, despite improvements in individual methods, it is becoming increasingly clear that the most effective research approaches will be multi-modal. Thus, it is the researchers who are familiar with many in vivo techniques who will be able to make the most substantial contributions to our understanding of dynamic brain function.

In Dynamic Brain Imaging: Multi-Modal Methods and In Vivo Applications, leading experts specializing in magnetic resonance, electrophysiology, and optical imaging methods explain basic principles of their respective techniques and demonstrate their power in depicting functional activation patterns en route to a basic understanding of the dynamic processes underlying various neuroimaging signals. The novel results, from various species, provide a new understanding of dynamics of neural activity that span a wide spatiotemporal range. Numerous cutting-edge applications are used as examples to illustrate enticing possibilities of combining techniques toward studies of normal function and disease. Exclusive examples of dynamic functional imaging of the cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb, and retina are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of each method for applications to the neurosciences. State-of-the-art techniques described include multi-photon optical imaging, multi-array electrical recordings, heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Up-to-date and user-friendly, Dynamic Brain Imaging: Multi-Modal Methods and In Vivo Applications is designed to be accessible to both specialist neurophysiologists and general neuroscientists. It reviews the fundamental, theoretical, and practical principles of magnetic resonance, electrophysiology, and optical methods as applied in the neurosciences and shows how these tools can be used successfully to answer important questions in brain science.

Inhalt
Dynamic Imaging of Brain Function.- Fractal Characterization of Complexity in Dynamic Signals: Application to Cerebral Hemodynamics.- Optical Imaging.- Wide-Field and Two-Photon Imaging of Brain Activity with Voltage and Calcium-Sensitive Dyes.- Two-Photon Imaging of Capillary Blood Flow in Olfactory Bulb Glomeruli.- Astrocytic Calcium Signaling: Mechanism and Implications for Functional Brain Imaging.- Using the Light Scattering Component of Optical Intrinsic Signals to Visualize In Vivo Functional Structures of Neural Tissues.- Electrophysiology.- Methods for Studying Functional Interactions Among Neuronal Populations.- Magnetoencephalography (MEG).- Functional Neuroimaging of Spike-Wave Seizures.- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI).- Tactile and Non-tactile Sensory Paradigms for fMRI and Neurophysiologic Studies in Rodents.- Using fMRI for Elucidating Dynamic Interactions.- Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Animal Models: Modulations by Exsanguination.- Alternate Magnetic Resonance Methods.- Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cerebral Blood Flow Using Arterial Spin Labeling.- Dynamic MRI of Small Electrical Activity.- Advanced In Vivo Heteronuclear MRS Approaches for Studying Brain Bioenergetics Driven by Mitochondria.