The operation of everything in the universe needs a special material-energy. The earth is no exception. There are many kinds of energy sources on earth. But where does the earth's energy come from? The answer is that everything grows under the sun. Developing renewable energy is of strategic importance to achieve sustainable energy supply. Simulating natural photosynthesis is the ultimate goal of effi cient solar energy conversion. Photovoltaic technology has been widely used in industry and will be one of the major energy sources in the future. Developing new materials and structures, the photoelectric conversion effi ciency of solar cells will be improved day by day, and solar cells will attract more and more attention. This book presents principles of solar photovoltaic conversion, and introduces the physical and chemical processes involved. Mechanisms which affect solar cell performance are also discussed.

Autorentext

Songyuan Dai, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China.

Klappentext

The operation of everything in the universe needs a special "material"-energy. The earth is no exception. There are many kinds of energy sources on earth. But where does the earth's energy come from? The answer is that everything grows under the sun. Developing renewable energy is of strategic importance to achieve sustainable energy supply. Simulating natural photosynthesis is the ultimate goal of effi cient solar energy conversion. Photovoltaic technology has been widely used in industry and will be one of the major energy sources in the future. Developing new materials and structures, the photoelectric conversion effi ciency of solar cells will be improved day by day, and solar cells will attract more and more attention. This book presents principles of solar photovoltaic conversion, and introduces the physical and chemical processes involved. Mechanisms which affect solar cell performance are also discussed.

Inhalt
Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 Brief introduction of solar cells1.1.1 History of solar cells1.1.2 Developing progress of solar cells1.1.3 Solar cell application1.2 Classification and application of solar cells1.2.1 Classification of solar cells1.2.2 Classification and application of solar cell panels1.2.3 Silicon solar cells1.2.4 Cadmium telluride solar cells (CdTe)1.2.5 Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells (CIGS)1.2.6 Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC)1.2.7 Polymer solar cells1.2.8 Other kinds of solar cells1.3 Dye-sensitized solar cells1.3.1 History of DSCs1.3.2 Research progress of DSCs1.3.3 Technical properties of DSCs1.3.4 Future of DSCs Chapter 2 Nano Semiconductor Materials2.1 Application of nano semiconductor materials in DSC2.1.1 Nano semiconductor materials in DSC2.1.2 Preparing of nano semiconductor materials 2.2 General nanomaterials in DSC2.2.1 Titanium dioxide (TiO2)2.2.2 Zinc oxide (ZnO)2.2.3 Tin dioxide2.2.4 Other kinds of nanomaterials2.3 Application of nanomaterials with novelty structure in solar cells2.3.1 One dimension nanomaterials 2.3.2 Nanoporous films with TiO2 network2.4 Energy band of TiO2 films2.4.1 The flat band of semiconductor electrode2.4.2 Measurement of flat band2.4.3 Effects of measurement on flat band2.4.4 Energy band of nanoporous film electrode2.5 The modification of the photoelectrodes2.5.1 Physical and Chemical surface modification2.5.2 Doping2.5.3 Others2.6 Design and optimization 2.6.1 The advantages of small size particle compact layer2.6.2 Nanoporous layer and dye loading2.6.3 The scattering properties of larger size particles2.6.4 Structure design of large size nanoporous electrode2.7 P type DSCs2.7.1 Working principle of P-DSCs2.7.2 Semiconductors in P-DSCs2.7.3 Other kinds of P type semiconductors in DSCs Chapter 3 Dye Sensitizers 3.1 Introduction3.1.1 The effect of dye sensitizers3.1.2 Classification of dye sensitizers3.1.3 Structure and molecular design of dye sensitizers3.1.4 Dye sensitizer related quantum chemistry calculation3.2 Dye sensitizer in DSC with photoanodes 3.2.1 Inorganic dye sensitizers3.2.2 Organic dye sensitizers 3.3 Dye sensitizer in DSC with photoanodes3.3.1 Structure characteristics of cathode sensitizing cell sensitizer3.3.2 Research progress on dye sensitizer in DSC with photoanodes Chapter 4 Electrolyte 4.1 Classification of electrolyte4.1.1 Organic liquid electrolyte4.1.2 Ionic liquid electrolyte4.1.3 Quasi-solid state and solid state electrolyte4.2 Redox couple in electrolyte4.2.1 I-/I3- redox couple4.2.2 Other kinds of redox couple4.3 Additives in electrolyte4.3.1 The calssification of additives in electrolyte4.3.2 How additives works in electrolyte Chapter 5 Counter Electrode 5.1 Materials and preparation of counter electrode 5.1.1 Pt counter electrode5.1.2 Carbon counter electrode5.1.3 Other materials for counter electrode5.2 The reaction on counter electrode5.2.1 The principle of redox reaction on counter electrode5.2.2 The Characterization methods of redox reaction on counter electrode Chapter 6 Photoelectric Chemical Interface 6.1 Solidsolid contact interfaces6.1.1 Properties of solidsolid contact interfaces6.1.2 Solidsolid contact interfaces in DSC6.1.3 Properties of solidsolid contact interfaces in DSC6.2 Solidliquid contact interfaces6.2.1 Properties of solidliquid contact interfaces6.2.2 Solidliquid contact interfaces in DSC6.2.3 Properties of solidliquid contact interfaces in DSC6.3 Frequency-domain analysis of contact interface kinetics 6.3.1 Frequency-domain and time-domain6.3.2 The measurement methods of contact interface kinetics6.3.3 Electrical modulation techniques for the study of contact interface processes 6.3.4 Optical modulation techniques for the study of contact interface processes6.3.5 The difference between EIS and IMPS6.4 Interfacial electron injection process6.4.1 The TiO2 band structure and dye adsorption6.4.2 The generation and injection kinetics of the photogenerated electron6.5 The transport kinetics of the photogenerated electron6.6 The collection kinetics of the photogenerated electron6.7 Recombination kinetics of the photogenerated electron6.7.1 Kinetic characteristics of I-/I3- couple6.7.2 The position of the photogenerated electron recombination 6.7.3 The mechanism of the photogenerated electron recombination6.7.4 Influence of local states on the photogenerated electron recombination6.8 The mutual restriction between transport and recombination6.9 Conduction band edge movement and surface passivation6.10 Influence of contact interface characteristics on the kinetics6.10.1 Influence of the electrical properties on kinetics at two phases contact interface6.10.2 Influence of the electrical properties on kinetics at three phases contact interface6.10.3 Influence of Dyed-TiO2/EL interface modification on kinetics in different electrolytes6.11 Influence of the optical properties on interfacial kinetics6.12 Influence of the dye distribution on interfacial kinetics Chapter 7 Structure design and numerical analysis 7.1 Light absorption and electron transport of DSC7.1.1 The generation of photoelectron7.1.2 The transport and recombination of photoelectron7.1.3 The photocurrent and photovoltage7.2 Charge transport of DSC7.2.1 The charge transport model 7.2.2 The series resistant of large-scale DSC7.2.3 The effect of series resistant on DSC performance7.3 Structure design and optimization of large-scale DSC7.3.1 The light absorption loss of large-scale DSC7.3.2 The charge collection loss of large-scale DSC7.3.3 The structure optimization of DSC module Chapter 8 Testing and Application8.1 Photovoltaic Performance Testing 8.1.1 Solar spectrum8.1.2 Testing parameters 8.1.3 Test principle 8.1.4 Test Standards8.1.5 Multi-channel real-time monitoring for photovoltaic performance 8.1.6 Influence of test conditions on photovoltaic performance testing 8.2 Application of DSC module8.2.1 Application and technology of independent photovoltaic arrays8.2.2 Application and design of building integrated 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