This CIGRE Green Book presents an overview of the operation of distributed energy resources (DER) and their role in enabling active distribution networks. The content draws on the expertise and work of CIGRE's Study Committee C6 (Active Distribution Systems and Distributed Energy Resources) and is the result of five years of development by the committee's working groups. The book includes descriptions of DER assets, network systems, planning and operation, rural and offgrid systems, and future prospects. By describing international developments and providing several examples of DER applications, it serves as a valuable guide for researchers and practitioners interested in the subject.

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Provides a detailed overview of distributed energy resources (DER) integration in active distribution systems Provides a global perspective with contributions from experts around the world Includes case studies of DER applications and deployment as well as pointing towards future developments

Autorentext

Study Committee C6 of CIGRE facilitates and promotes the progress of engineering and the international exchange of information and knowledge in the field of distribution systems and distributed energy resources DER. Experts contribute to the international exchange of information and knowledge by means of synthesizing state of the art practices and developing recommendations.

Professor Dr.-Ing. Christine Schwaegerl received her Diploma in Electrical Engineering from the University of Erlangen, Germany, in 1996, and her PhD from Dresden Technical University, Germany, in 2000. In 2000 she joined Siemens AG as a consultant with Siemens Power Technologies International, being responsible for several national and European research and development activities on power transmission and distribution networks, with a special focus on intelligent integration of distributed energy resources. Since 2011 she is full professor at Augsburg University of Applied Sciences. Christine was chair of CIGRE SC C6 Active Distribution Systems and Distributed Energy Resources from 2016 – 2022.

**Kurt Dedekind **graduated with a degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Durban, South Africa in 1984. He joined the national electricity utility, ESKOM in 1985 and has since worked there in various technical and operational roles. He currently heads up the Network Planning Centre of Excellence for the Distribution Division where he has been very active in the energy transition related aspects in the country. He has been an active member of CIGRE, where he has participated in several working groups, including convening the working group on Rural Electrification. He was elected as the Secretary for the joint CIGRE-World Bank Africa Working Group in 2018 and assumed the role of the CIGRE C6 Study Committee Chair in 2022.

Ray Brown is an electrical power engineer and runs his own consultancy firm based in Sydney, Australia. He started his career in the power industry more than 40 years ago and has extensive experience with distribution systems. He has worked across a range of organisations in the utility, consultant, government agency and private sectors. He is a Distinguished Member of CIGRE and winner of the CIGRE Technical Council Award. He is convenor of CIGRE Advisory Group AG C6.02 "Quality Review" and has served as the Australian regular member on Study Committee C6 "Active Distribution Systems and Distributed Energy Resources". He is also a Senior Member of the IEEE.

Inhalt

Introduction and Definitions.- DER Assets.- Active Distribution Network Systems.- Active Distribution Network Planning and Operation.- Rural Electrification.- Off-Grid Systems.- Outlook and Future Prospects.