Detailed reference covering all aspects of working in laboratories, including safety, fundamentals of analytical techniques, lab instrumentation, and more

A comprehensive study of analytical chemistry as it pertains to the laboratory analyst and chemist, Analytical Chemistry begins with an introduction to the laboratory environment, including safety, glassware, common apparatuses, and lab basics, and continues on to guide readers through the fundamentals of analytical techniques, such as spectroscopy and chromatography, and introduce examples of laboratory programs, such as Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS).

This newly updated and revised Second Edition of Analytical Chemistry offers expanded chapters with new figures and the latest developments in the field.

Included alongside this new edition is an updated companion teaching, reference, and toolkit program called ChemTech. Conveniently available via either app or browser, the ChemTech program contains exercises that highlight and review topics covered in the book and features useful calculators and programs, including solution makers, graphing tools, and more. To aid in reader comprehension, the program also includes an interactive periodic table and chapter summaries.

Written by two highly qualified authors with significant experience in both practice and academia, Analytical Chemistry covers sample topics such as:

Basic mathematics in the laboratory, including different units, the metric system, significant figures, scientific calculators, and ChemTech conversion tools
Analytical data treatment, including errors in the laboratory, precision versus accuracy, normal distribution curves, and determining errors in methodology
Plotting and graphing, including graph construction, curve fitting, graphs of specific equations, least-squares method, and computer-generated curves
Ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, including wave and particle theory of light, light absorption transitions, the color wheel, and pigments

With complete coverage of the practical aspects of analytical chemistry, Analytical Chemistry prepares students for a rewarding career as a chemist or a laboratory technician. Thanks to ChemTech integration, the book is also a useful and accessible reference for the established chemist or technician already working in the laboratory.

Autorentext

Bryan M. Ham, PhD, has worked in analytical chemistry laboratories for more than 25 years. He is currently working for the Department of Homeland Security at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Office of Trade Headquarters in Washington D.C. Aihui MaHam, PhD, is an expert in nano-materials including the synthesis and characterization of chemical and biological nano-sensors. She is currently working for the Department of Homeland Security at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Office of Trade Headquarters in Washington D.C.

Inhalt

About the Authors xxiii Preface xxv Acknowledgments xxvii About the Companion Website xxviii 1 Chemist and Technician in the Analytical Laboratory 1 1.1 Introduction--The Analytical Chemist and Technician 1 1.2 Today's Laboratory Chemist and Technician 1 1.3 ChemTech--The Chemist and Technician Toolkit Companion 2 1.4 Chapter Layout 2 1.5 Users of ChemTech 6 2 Introduction to the Analytical Laboratory 7 2.1 Introduction to the Laboratory 7 2.2 Laboratory Glassware 7 2.3 Conclusion 18 3 Laboratory Safety 19 3.1 Introduction 19 3.2 Proper Personal Protection and Appropriate Attire 19 3.3 Proper Shoes and Pants 20 3.4 Laboratory Gloves 20 3.5 General Rules to Use Gloves 22 3.6 Safety Data Sheet (SDS) 22 3.7 Emergency Eyewash and Face Wash Stations 24 3.8 Emergency Safety Showers 25 3.9 Fire Extinguishers 25 3.10 Clothing Fire in The Laboratory 26 3.11 Spill Cleanup Kits 26 3.12 Chemicals and Solvents 27 3.13 First Aid Kits 29 3.14 Gasses and Cylinders 29 3.15 Sharps Containers and Broken Glass Boxes 30 3.16 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 30 4 Basic Mathematics in the Laboratory 83 4.1 Introduction to Basic Math 83 4.2 Units and Metric System 83 4.3 Significant Figures 84 4.4 Scientific Calculators 86 4.5 ChemTech Conversion Tool 89 4.6 Chapter Key Concepts 96 4.7 Chapter Problems 96 5 Analytical Data Treatment (Statistics) 97 5.1 Errors in the Laboratory 97 5.2 Expressing Absolute and Relative Errors 98 5.3 Precision 98 5.4 The Normal Distribution Curve 98 5.5 Precision of Experimental Data 100 5.6 Normal Distribution Curve of a Sample 101 5.7 ChemTech Statistical Calculations 102 5.8 Student's Distribution t Test for Confidence Limits 105 5.9 Tests of Significance 111 5.10 Treatment of Data Outliers 112 5.11 Chapter Key Concepts 114 5.12 Chapter Problems 114 6 Plotting and Graphing 116 6.1 Introduction to Graphing 116 6.2 Graph Construction 116 6.3 Rectangular Cartesian Coordinate System 117 6.4 Curve Fitting 117 6.5 Redrawn Graph Example 117 6.6 Graphs of Equations 118 6.7 Least-Squares Method 121 6.8 Computer-Generated Curves 122 6.9 Calculating Concentrations 125 6.10 Nonlinear Curve Fitting 126 6.11 Chapter Key Concepts 130 6.12 Chapter Problems 130 7 Using Microsoft Excel(r) in the Laboratory 132 7.1 Introduction to Excel(r) 132 7.2 Opening Excel in ChemTech 132 7.3 The Excel Spreadsheet 132 7.4 Graphing in Excel 134 7.5 Complex Charting in Excel 137 7.6 Statistical Analysis using Excel 139 8 Making Laboratory Solutions 151 8.1 Introduction 151 8.2 Laboratory Reagent Fundamentals 151 8.3 The Periodic Table 151 8.4 Calculating Formula Weights 152 8.5 Calculating The Mole 152 8.6 Molecular Weight Calculator 152 8.7 Expressing Concentration 153 8.8 The Parts PER (PP) Notation 157 8.9 Computer-Based Solution Calculations 157 8.10 Reactions in Solution 161 8.11 Chapter Key Concepts 161 8.12 Chapter Problems 162 9 Acid-Base Theory and Buffer Solutions 163 9.1 Introduction 163 9.2 Acids and Bases in Everyday Life 163 9.3 The Litmus Test 163 9.4 Early Acid-Base Descriptions 164 9.5 Brÿnsted-Lowry Definition 164 9.6 The Equilibrium Constant 165 9.7 The Acid Ionization Constant 165 9.8 Calculating the Hydrogen Ion Concentration 165 9.9 The Base Ionization Constant 167 9.10 Ion Product for Water 168 9.11 The Solubility Product Constant (K SP) 168 9.12 The pH of a Solution 170 9.13 Measuring the pH 171 9.14 Buffered Solutions--Description and Preparing 172 9.15 ChemTech Buffer Solution Calculator 174 9.16 Chapter Key Concepts 175 9.17 Chapter Problems 175 10 Titration--A Volumetric Method of Analysis 178 10.1 Introduction 178 10.2 Reacting Ratios 178 10.3 The Equivalence Point 179 10.4 Useful Relationships for Calculations 179 10.5 Deriving the Titration Equation 179 10.6 Titrations in ChemTech 180 10.7 Acid/Base Titration Endpoint (Equivalence Point) 181 10.8 Acid/Base Titration Midpoint 182 10.9 Acid/Base Titration Indicators 182 10.10 Titrations Using Normal Solutions 184 10.11 Polyprotic Acid Titration 184 10.12 ChemTech Calculation of Normal Titrations 185 10.13 Performing a Titration 185 10.14 Primary Standards 186 10.15 Standardization of Sodium Hydroxide 187 10.16 Conductometric Titrations (Nonaqueous Solutions) 189 10.17 Precipitation Titration (MOHR Method for Halides) 190 10.18 Complex Formation with Back Titration (Volhard Method for Anions) 191 10.19 Chapter Key Concepts 196 10.20 Chapter Problems 197 11 Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions 199 11.1 Introduction 199 11.2 Oxidation and Reduction 199 11.3 The Volt 200 11.4 The Electrochemical Cell 200 11.5 Redox Reaction Conventions 200 11.6 The Nernst Equation 202 11.7 Determining Redox Titration Endpoints 203 11.8 Potentiometric Titrations 204 11.9 Visual Indicators used in Redox Titrations 206 11.10 Pretitration Oxidation-Reduction 207 11.11 Ion-Selective Electrodes 207 11.12 Chapter Key Concepts 207 11.13 Chapter Problems 209 12 Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) 211 12.1 Introduction 211 12.2 Lims Ma…