Photonic Analog-to-Digital Conversion

Photonic-based A/D conversion has received and continues to receive considerable attention as an alternative approach to providing enhanced resolution and speed in high-performance applications. Some of the potential advantages of using photonic technologies are high-speed clocking, broadband sampling, reduced mutual interference of signals, and compatibility with existing photonic-based systems. This book provides a comprehensive look at the application of photonic approaches to the problem of analog-to-digital conversion. It shows progress made, discusses present research, and gives a glimpse of potential future technologies.

Single up-to-date monograph in this fast progressing area available Focusses on photonic A/D conversion and describes also future development End-of-chapter summaries Highly illustrated with many examples Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

Inhalt

1. Introduction.- 1.1 The Role of A/D Conversion.- 1.2 Key Technological Challenges.- 1.3 Motivation for Photonic A/D Approaches.- 1.4 Organization of this Book.- 2. Performance Characteristics of Analog-to-Digital Converters.- 2.1 A/D Converter Characteristics.- 2.2 Sampling and Conversion Rate Characteristics.- 2.3 Performance Measures.- 2.4 Performance Degradations.- 2.16 Aperture Jitter.- Summary.- 3. Approaches to Analog-to-Digital Conversion.- 3.1 A/D Converter Coding Schemes.- 3.2 Nyquist-Rate Converter Architectures.- 3.3 Oversampled A/D Conversion.- 3.4 Parallel Oversampling A/D Conversion.- Summary.- 4. Photonic Devices for Analog-to-Digital Conversion.- 4.1 MachZehnder Interferometers.- 4.2 Optical Waveguide Switches.- 4.3 Acousto-Optic Devices.- 4.4 Multiple Quantum Well Devices.- 4.5 Smart Pixel Technology.- Summary.- 5. Nyquist-Rate Photonic Analog-to-Digital Conversion.- 5.1 Electro-Optic A/D Conversion Based on a MachZehnder Interferometer.- 5.2 Optical Folding-Flash A/D Converter.- 5.3 Matrix-Multiplication and Beam Deflection.- 5.4 Other Approaches to Photonic A/D Conversion.- Summary.- 6. Oversampled Photonic Analog-to-Digital Conversion.- 6.1 Oversampling Photonic A/D Conversion.- 6.2 Optical Oversampled Modulators.- 6.3 The Digital Postprocessor.- 6.4 Performance Analysis.- 6.5 Experimental Proof-of-Concept Photonic Modulator Demonstration.- Summary.- 7. Low Resolution, Two-Dimensional Analog-to-Digital Conversion: Digital Image Halftoning.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Approaches to Halftoning.- 7.3 The Error Diffusion Algorithm.- 7.4 Neural Network Formalism.- 7.5 The Error Diffusion Neural Network.- 7.6 Quantitative Performance Metrics.- 7.7 Performance Analysis.- 7.8 Extensions to Color.- Summary.- 8. A Photonic-Based Error Diffusion NeuralNetwork.- 8.1 First-Generation CMOS-SEED Error Diffusion Neural Array.- 8.2 Second-Generation CMOS-SEED Error Diffusion Neural Array.- 8.3 OPTOCHIP: A 2-D Neural Array Employing Epitaxy-on-Electronics.- 8.4 Extensions: A Photonic Error Diffusion Filter.- Summary.- 9. Photonic A/D Conversion Based on a Fully Connected Distributed Mesh Feedback Architecture.- 9.1 Temporal and Spatial Error Diffusion.- 9.2 Spatially Distributed Oversampled A/D Conversion..- 9.3 A 2-D Fully Connected Distributed Mesh Feedback Architecture.- 9.4 A/D Conversion Using Spatial Oversampling and Error Diffusion.- 9.5 Three-Dimensional Extensions.- Summary.- 10. Trends in Photonic Analog-to-Digital Conversion.- 10.1 Time-Interleaving A/D Converter Architectures.- 10.2 Photonic Channelized A/D Architectures.- 10.3 Time-Stretching Using Dispersive Optical Elements.- 10.4 Ultra-Fast Laser Sources with Low Jitter.- 10.5 Novel Optical Sampling Techniques.- 10.6 Broadband Optical Modulators and Switches.- Summary.- References.