Avian Influenza Virus, Second Edition aims to provide the essential methods used in working with animal influenza viruses, and to compile more advanced information that will guide the user in designing influenza studies. Influenza A viruses are among the most important pathogens for humans, food animals and companion animals. Research and diagnostics with animal influenza viruses are critical to animal health and it should be recognized that the needs and goals of animal agriculture and veterinary medicine are not always the same as those of public health. This volume sorts out the differences in the structure of the poultry, swine and equine industries, the biological differences of influenza virus from each animal group, and provides host, strain and lineage specific guidance and procedures. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Authoritative and accessible, Avian Influenza Virus, Second Edition seeks to serve both professionals and novices with its well-honed methodologies in an effort to further our knowledge of these important pathogens.

Includes cutting-edge methods and protocols Provides step-by-step detail essential for reproducible results Contains key notes and implementation advice from the experts

Inhalt

Hemagglutination Assay for Influenza Virus.- Hemagglutination-Inhibition Assay for Influenza Virus Subtype Identification and the Detection and Quantitation of Serum Antibodies to Influenza Virus.- Neuraminidase-Inhibition Assay for the Identification of Influenza A Virus Neuraminidase Virus Subtype or Neuraminidase Antibody Specificity.- Reverse Genetics of Influenza Virus.- Immunohistochemical Staining of Influenza Virus in Tissues.- A Brief Introduction to Avian Influenza Virus.- Wild Bird Surveillance for Avian Influenza Virus.- Avian Influenza Virus Sample Types, Collection and Handling.- Avian Influenza Virus RNA Extraction.- Avian Influenza Virus Detection and Quantitation by Real-Time RT-PCR.- Influenza Subtype Identification with Molecular Methods.- Avian Influenza Virus Isolation, Propagation and Titration in Embryonated Chicken Eggs.- Agar Gel Immunodiffusion Assay to Detect Antibodies to Type A Influenza Virus.- Detection of Influenza A Antibodies in Avian Serum Samples by ELISA.- Conducting Influenza Virus Pathogenesis Studies in Avian Species.- Laboratory Methods for Assessing and Licensing Influenza Vaccines for Poultry.- Detection of Cell Mediated Immune Response to Avian Influenza Viruses.- Characterization of Cytokine Expression Induced by Avian Influenza Virus Infection with Real-Time RT-PCR.- Newcastle Disease Virus Detection and Differentiation from Avian Influenza.- A Brief Introduction to Influenza A Virus in Swine.- Sample Types, Collection, and Transport for Influenza A Viruses of Swine.- Isolation of Swine Influenza Virus in Cell Cultures and Embryonated Chicken Eggs.- RNA Extraction from Swine Samples and Detection of Influenza A Virus in Swine by Real-Time RT-PCR.- Hemagglutinin Inhibition Assay with Swine Sera.- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Serum or Mucosal Isotype Specific IgG and IgA Whole Virus Antibody to Influenza A Virus in Swine.- Serum Virus Neutralization Assay for Detection and Quantitation ofSerum Neutralizing Antibodies to Influenza A Virus in Swine.- Microneutralization Assay for Swine Influenza Virus in Swine Serum.- Analyzing Swine Sera for Functional Antibody Titers Against Influenza A Neuraminidase Proteins Using an Enzyme-Linked Lectin Assay (ELLA).- Antibody Secreting Cell Assay for Influenza A Virus in Swine.- In vivo Models for Pathotyping and Vaccine Efficacy for Swine Influenza.- A Brief Introduction to Equine Influenza and Equine Influenza Viruses.- Equine Influenza Diagnosis: Sample Collection and Transport.- RNA Extraction from Equine Samples for Equine Influenza Virus.- Type A Influenza Virus Detection from Horses by Real-Time RT-PCR and Insulated Isothermal RT-PCR.- Equine Influenza Culture Methods.- Equine Influenza Serological Methods.