Determining the composition and properties of complex hydrocarbon mixtures in petroleum, synthetic fuels, and petrochemical products usually requires a battery of analytical techniques that detect and measure specific features of the molecules, such as boiling point, mass, nuclear magnetic resonance frequencies, etc. there have always been a need for new and improved analytical technology to better understand hydrocarbon chemistry and processes. This book provides an overview of recent advances and future challenges in modern analytical techniques that are commonly used in hydrocarbon applications. Experts in each of the areas covered have reviewed the state of the art, thus creating a book that will be useful to readers at all levels in academic, industry, and research institutions.

From the reviews:

`This book, in my opinion, is very timely since it provides a compilation of 18 chapters dedicated to many of the latest developments in analytical techniques widely used in areas of the petroleum industry concerned with exploration, production, refining, and, more recently, environmental concerns. The chapters in the book cover virtually all of the techniques being used today in these areas. [...] One of the appealing aspects of this volume is that it covers such a wide range of techniques, many of which are often not described in detail in the mainstream literature. ...here they are all together in one readily accessible reference volume. ...the arrival of a book like "Analytical Advances for Hydrocarbon Research" is timely and will serve as a useful guide for many years to come.'
R. Paul Philp, University of Oklahoma in Journal of the American****Society for Mass Spectrometry, 14 (2003)

"The book provides a comprehensive compilation of the latest developments in analytical techniques for the characterization of petroleum hydrocarbons. The book is easy to read, with high-quality illustrations and good literature coverage. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to people working in the analytical characterization of hydrocarbons, in the area of petroleum industry and research concerned with exploration, production and refining, as well as with environmental related issues." (International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Issue 84, 2004)

Inhalt

1. Estimation of Physical Properties and Composition of Hydrocarbon Mixtures.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Pure Hydrocarbons.- 2.1 Generalized Correlations for Physical Properties.- 2.2 Properties of Heavy Hydrocarbons.- 3 Properties of Petroleum Fractions.- 4. Composition of Petroleum Fractions.- 4.1 Characterization Parameters for Molecular Type.- 4.2 Development of Predictive Methods.- 4.3 Prediction of Sulfur Content and Carbon Residue.- 5. Summary.- 6. Nomenclature.- 7. References.- 2. Advances in Elemental Analysis of Hydrocarbon Products.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS).- 2.1 Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS).- 3. Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICPAES).- 4. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS).- 5. Overview of Atomic Spectroscopic Methods.- 6. Ion Chromatography (IC).- 7. Microelemental Analysis.- 8. Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA).- 8.1 Radiochemical NAA.- 9. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF).- 10. Analysis of Used Oils.- 11. Sulfur.- 12. Concluding Remarks.- 13. References.- 3. Selective Detection of Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds in Low Boiling Petroleum Streams by Gas Chromatography.- 1. Background.- 2. Sulfur Compounds in Light Streams.- 2.1 Instrumentation.- 2.2 Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detection System.- 2.3 Gas Chromatography.- 2.4 Identification of Sulfur Compounds.- 2.5 Quantitation of Sulfur Compounds.- 3. Nitrogen Compounds in Light Streams.- 3.1 Instrumentation.- 3.2 Principle of Nitrogen Chemiluminescence Detection.- 3.3 Gas Chromatography.- 3.4 Quantitation of Nitrogen Compounds.- 4. Future Work.- 5. References.- 4. Molecular Characterization of Petroleum and Its Fractions by Mass Spectrometry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Low ResolutionlHigh Ionizing Voltage Mass Spectrometric Analysis.- 3. High Resolution Mass Spectrometry.- 4. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).- 5. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS).- 6. Future Trends.- 7. References.- 5. Thin-Layer Chromatography for Hydrocarbon Characterization in Petroleum Middle Distillates.- 1. Analysis of Petroleum Middle Distillates.- 2. Introduction to Modem Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC).- 2.1 Advantages of TLC for the Analysis of Complex Mixtures.- 2.2 Previous Research Done on TLC of Petroleum Products.- 3. Materials, Methods and TLC Systems Used in this Research.- 3.1 Samples Analyzed.- 3.2 Stationary Phases.- 3.3 Preparation of Berberine-Impregnated Silica Gel Plates.- 3.4 Application of Samples.- 3.4.1 Automatic Sample Spotter.- 3.4.2 Band-sprayer Sample Applicator.- 3.5 Elution of Samples.- 3.5.1 Conventional Vertical Elution.- 3.5.2 Horizontal Developing Chamber.- 3.6 Detection by Densitometry.- 3.7 TLC Systems Used.- 3.7.1 Conventional TLC System.- 3.7.2 High-Efficiency TLC System.- 3.8 Quantification.- 3.8.1 Preparative TLC.- 3.9 Validation of Results.- 4. Application of TLC to Characterization of Middle Distillates.- 4.1 Phenomenon of Fluorescence Induced by Berberine in TLC.- 4.2 HTA of Middle Distillates Using Conventional TLC System.- 4.3 HTA of Gas Oils Using High-Efficiency TLC System.- 5. Conclusions and Future Trends.- 6. Acknowledgements.- 7. References.- 6. Chromatographic Analysis of Fuels.- 1. Analysis of Naphthasl Motor Gasolines by Gas Chromatography.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Classification of GC Methods for Naphtha Analysis.- 1.3 Terminology.- 1.4 Single Capillary Methods.- 1.5 "Pressurized" Naphtha Samples.- 1.6 Multidimensional Methods.- 1.7 Combination of Micropackedl/Packed PIONA and Single Capillary Column Analyses.- 1.8 Capillary Column Multidimensional Systems.- 1.9 Comprehensive Two-dimensional GC (2D-GC).- 1.10 Other GC Methods for Blended Gasoline Analysis.- 2. Analyses of Naphtha, Motor Gasolines, Jet Fuels, Diesel Fuels and Higher Petroleum Fractions by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) and Liquid Chromatography (LC).- 2.1 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (gasolines, jet fuels and diesel fuels).- 2.2 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for Higher Boiling Petroleum Fractions (Lube FeedslProducts, Vacuum Gas Oils).- 2.3 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for Lower Boiling Petroleum Fractions (Jet Fuels, Diesels).- 2.4 Characterization of High Boiling Petroleum Fractions by Thin Layer Chromatography with FlO Detection (TLC-FID).- 3. References.- 7. Temperature-Programmed Retention Indices for GC and GC-MS of Hydrocarbon Fuels and Simulated Distillation GC of Heavy Oils.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental.- 2.1 Reagents and Fuels.- 2.2 Retention Index.- 2.3 Chromatographic Separation of Distillate Fuels.- 2.4 Solvent Extraction of Petroleum Resids.- 2.5 High-temperature Simulated Distillation GC.- 2.6 Quantitative Calculations from SimDis GC Data.- 2.7 Hydroprocessing of Resids.- 3. Results and Discussion.- 3.1 GC and GC-MS of Distillate Fuels.- 3.1.1 Retention Index of Model Compounds.- 3.1.2 Temperature Dependence of Retention Index.- 3.1.3 Dependence of Retention Index on Polarity of GC Column.- 3.1.4 Characterization of JP-8 Jet Fuels Using RI.- 3.1.5 Potential Applications of Temperature-Programmed RI.- 3.2 SimDis GC and GC-MS of Middle Distillate Fuels.- 3.3 High-Temperature SimDis GC for Petroleum Resids.- 3.3.1 High-Temperature SimDis GC Method.- 3.3.2 HT-SimDis GC Analysis of Resids.- 3.3.3 Analysis of Upgraded Products.- 4. Conclusions.- 5. Acknowledgements.- 6. References.- 8. Mass Spectrometric Analyses for Elemental Sulfur and Sulfur Compounds in Petroleum Products and Crude Oils.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Analysis for Elemental Sulfur by Mass Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry.- 3. Analysis of Thiophenic Compounds in Petroleum Streams …