Advanced Nano-Bio Technologies for Water and Soil Treatment

We are proposing this comprehensive volume aimed at bridging and bonding of the theory and practical experiences for the elimination of a broad range of pollutants from various types of water and soil utilizing innovative nanotechnologies, biotechnologies and their possible combinations.

Nowadays, a broad range of contaminants are emerging from the industry (and also representing old ecological burdens). Accidents and improper wastewater treatment requires a fast, efficient and cost-effective approach. Therefore, several innovative technologies of water and soil treatments have been invented and suggested in a number of published papers.

Out of these, some nanotechnologies and biotechnologies (and possibly also their mutual combinations) turned out to be promising for practical utilization i.e., based on both extensive laboratory testing and pilot-scale verification.

With respect to the diverse character of targeted pollutants, the key technologies covered in this book will include oxidation, reduction, sorption and/or biological degradation. In relation to innovative technologies and new emerging pollutants mentioned in this proposed book, an important part will also cover the ecotoxicity of selected pollutants and novel nanomaterials used for remediation. Thus, this work will consist of 8 sections/chapters with a technical appendix as an important part of the book, where some technical details and standardized protocols will be clearly presented for their possible implementation at different contaminated sites. Although many previously published papers and books (or book chapters) are devoted to some aspects of nano-/biotechnologies, here we will bring a first complete and comprehensive treatise on the latest progress in innovative technologies with a clear demonstration of the applicability of particular methods based on results of the authors from pilot tests (i.e., based on the data collected within several applied projects, mainly national project Environmentally friendly nanotechnologies and biotechnologies in water and soil treatment of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic, and 7FP project NANOREM: Taking Nanotechnological Remediation Processes from Lab Scale to End User Applications for the Restoration of a Clean Environment).

This multidisciplinary book will be suitable for a broad audience including environmental scientists, practitioners, policymakers and toxicologists (and of course graduate students of diverse fields material science, chemistry, biology, geology, hydrogeology, engineering etc.).

A profound insight into modern nano-, bio-, and combined technologies for water and soil remediation Addressing toxicity of emerging pollutants and nanoparticles along with evaluating their impact on the environment Demonstration of decontamination techniques in the remediated sites through field studies including technical description

Inhalt
Preface.- Part I Reductive Technologies.- Geochemical Principles of Reductive Remediation Processes.- Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Particles for Water Treatment: from Basic Principles to Field-Scale Applications.- Other Chemical Reductive Methods.- Combination of Electrokinetics and nZVI Remediation.- Field Study I: In Situ Chemical Reduction Using Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron Materials to Degrade Chlorinated Hydrocarbons.- Field Study II: Pilot Application of nZVI/DC-combined Methods at Aargau Site.- Part II Oxidative Technologies.- Introduction to Oxidative Technologies for Water Treatment.- Ferrates as Powerful Oxidants in Water Treatment Technologies.- Radical Reactions and Their Application for Water Treatment.- Photo-oxidation Technologies for Advanced Water Treatment.- The Use of Nanomaterials in Electro-Fenton and Photoelectro-Fenton Processes.- Field Study III: Evidence Gained from Site Studies for the Performance of Ferrate(VI) in Water and Wastewater Treatment.- Field Study IV: Arsenic Removal from Groundwater by Ferrate with the Concurrent Disinfecting EffectSemi-pilot on-site Application.- Field Study V: Combined Oxidation Technology using Ferrates (FeIVVI) and Hydrogen Peroxide for Rapid and Effective Remediation of Contaminated WaterComprehensive Practically Focused Study.- Part III Biotechnologies for Water Treatment.- Biotechnologies for Water Treatment.- Enzyme-Based Nanomaterials in Bioremediation.- Bioelectrochemical Processes for the Treatment of Oil-Contaminated Water and Sediments.- Field Study VI: The Effect of Loading Strategies on Removal Efficiencies of a Hybrid Constructed Wetland Treating mixed Domestic and Agro-Industrial Wastewaters.- Field Study VII: Field Study of Three Different Injectable Oxygen Sources to Enhance Mono-Aromatic Solvents in situ Biodegradation.- Field Study VIII: Nano-bioremediation: nZVI for Inorganic and Organic Contamination.- Part IV Biotechnologies for Soil Treatment.- Biotechnologies for Soil Treatment.- Mycoremediation of Contaminated Soils.- Composting Practices for the Remediation of Matrices Contaminated by Recalcitrant Organic Pollutants.- Modern Bioremediation Approaches: Use of Biosurfactants, Emulsifiers, Enzymes, Biopesticides, GMOs.- Field Study IX: Pilot-Scale Composting of PAH-Contaminated MaterialsTwo Different Approaches.- Field Study X: Oil Waste Processing Using Combination of Physical Pretreatment and Bioremediation.- Part V Ecotoxicology of Both Environmental Pollutants and Nanomaterials Used for Remediation.- Ecotoxicology of Environmental Pollutants.- Ecotoxicity of Nanomaterials Used for Remediation.- VI Future Prospects.- Future Prospects for Treating Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Water and Soils/Sediments.- Part VII Technical Chapters.-Tool I: Characterization of nZVI Mobility in 1D and Cascade Columns by Ferromagnetic Susceptibility Sensor.- Tool II: Membrane Interface Probe.- Tool III: Fracturing for Enhanced Delivery of In situ Remediation Substances in Contaminated Sediments.- Tool IV: Monitoring of nZVI Migration and Fate in the Groundwater Conditions.- Tool V: Microbiological Methods for Monitoring nZVI Performance in Groundwater Conditions.