Chemistry of Powder Production

Chemistry of Powder Production focuses on the solid-state chemistry of powder materials and relates this to the structure, properties and preparation, and characterization techniques for these important industrial products. Additionally, the properties of the particles are discussed in relation to their surface structure and characteristics. This book describes the fundamentals of statistical methods for measuring the characteristics of particles. New advanced materials being developed in powder technology manufacturing techniques are also emphasised, including powdered materials for advanced ceramics as well as magnetic and pigment materials.

Inhalt

1 The concept of a powder.- 2 Specification and control of powder particles.- 2.1 Powdered materials for fine ceramics.- 2.2 Magnetic powders.- 2.3 Pigment powders.- References.- 3 Powder fundamentals.- 3.1 Particle size.- 3.2 Surface energy.- 3.3 Surface structure.- 3.3.1 Surface activity.- 3.3.2 Lattice defects.- 3.4 Surface properties.- 3.4.1 Adsorption.- 3.4.2 Wetting.- 3.4.3 Surface improvement.- 3.4.4 Catalytic action.- 3.4.5 Mechanochemistry.- References.- 4 The preparation of powders.- 4.1 The grinding of solids.- 4.1.1 Mechanisms of grinding.- 4.1.2 Grinding energy.- 4.1.3 The theory and practice of grinding.- 4.2 Thermal decomposition of solids.- 4.3 Deposition of solids from the liquid phase.- 4.3.1 Dissolution and deposition.- 4.3.2 Application of solubility products to precipitation processes.- 4.3.3 Co-precipitation and homogeneous precipitation.- 4.3.4 The formation of crystal nuclei.- 4.3.5 Deposition of precipitated particles.- 4.3.6 The rate of formation of nuclei and the induction time.- 4.3.7 The degree of supersaturation control of the size of precipitated particles.- 4.3.8 The growth of crystals.- 4.3.9 Crystal systems and crystal shape.- 4.3.10 The control of crystal shape and shape modification.- 4.3.11 Application of precipitation reactions to industrial process.- 4.3.12 The hydrolysis of metal alkoxides.- 4.3.13 Hydrothermal reactions.- 4.3.14 The rapid deposition of solids from the liquid state.- 4.4 Vapour-phase reactions.- 4.4.1 The thermodynamics of reacting systems.- 4.4.2 The preparation of oxide powders.- 4.4.3 The preparation of non-oxide powders.- 4.5 Sintering and solid-state reactions.- 4.5.1 Solid-state sintering.- 4.5.2 Solid-state reactions.- References.- 5 Determination of powder characteristics.- 5.1 Shape and size of particles.- 5.1.1 Shape and size of a single particle.- 5.1.2 Size distribution.- 5.1.3 Mean diameter.- 5.2 Methods of particle size measurement.- 5.2.1 Sieving method.- 5.2.2 Microscope method.- 5.2.3 Sedimentation method.- 5.2.4 Adsorption method.- 5.2.5 Permeability method.- 5.2.6 X-ray diffraction method.- 5.3 Measurement of surface properties.- 5.3.1 Surface energy.- 5.3.2 Heat of wetting.- 5.3.3 Heat of adsorption.- 5.3.4 Zeta potential.- 5.3.5 Surface activity.- References.