This book follows the citizenship-based approach and interrogates the policies on urban village redevelopment from a perspective of social exclusion and inclusion. It focuses on two questions: how policy makers and urban villagers understand social inclusion differently, and what makes a difference in enhancing social inclusion. Firstly, an examination of citizenship conceptions, as reflected in the Chinese traditional discourses, provides the basis for questioning the political rhetoric of social inclusion in China. Secondly, a comparison between policy makers' and villages' interpretations on urban citizenship helps explore the different understandings of citizenship between them. Finally, by studying six redeveloped urban villages in the city of Xi'an, the book identifies what villagers strive for, and discusses how their strivings make a difference in achieving social inclusion during urban village redevelopment. Xiaoqing Zhang is Lecturer in Public Administration at the Zhejiang Sci-tech University, China. She graduated from University College London with a PhD in Planning Studies. Her research interests include urban regeneration in relation to welfare regimes, and community governance sitting within a broader understanding of local political resources.

Autorentext

Xiaoqing Zhang is Lecturer in Public Administration at the Zhejiang Sci-tech University, China. She graduated from University College London with a PhD in Planning Studies. Her research interests include urban regeneration in relation to welfare regimes, and community governance sitting within a broader understanding of local political resources.

Inhalt
Chapter 1 Urban Village Redevelopment: The Paradox of Social Inclusion1.1 Introduction1.2 Urban Village and its Development in Xi'an1.2.1 Making sense of the urban village in China1.2.2 Taking Xi'an as the case study city1.3 Urban Village Redevelopment: From Exclusion to Inclusion1.3.1 Urban village and inclusion1.3.2 Citizenship: an alternative approach beyond economic dimension1.4 The Paradox of Social Inclusion: Some Clarifications1.5 Research Methods1.5.1 Selection of study cases1.5.2 Interviewing1.5.3 Questionnaires1.6 Plan of the BookThis chapter explains why the urban village redevelopment in Xi'an is worthyof study and justified the use of citizenship as the key concept to study socialexclusion and inclusion.Chapter 2 From Social Exclusion to Social Inclusion: Where doesCitizenship Fit in?2.1 Introduction: A Short History of Concept Evolvement2.2 The Meanings of Social Exclusion2.2.1 Definitions: who, what, and how2.2.2 Social exclusion in China2.3 The Meanings of Citizenship2.3.1 Citizenship as a Western conception2.3.2 Theorising Chinese citizenship2.4 From Exclusion to Inclusion2.4.1 The importance of citizenship2.4.2 The importance of sense of inclusion2.5 Conclusion: The Theoretical FrameworkThis Chapter discusses how the concepts of social exclusion/inclusion andcitizenship can be adapted in China, and where citizenship fits in thediscourse of inclusion. Social exclusion in China is more than a matter ofeconomic disadvantages but is also an expression of incomplete citizenshipand rights deprivation. The interpretation of Chinese citizenship can beexplored in four aspects: first, citizenship as membership is closely related tothe household registration system in China; second, citizenship as rights andobligations in China incorporates a strong sense of Confucianism; third,citizenship as identity closely links to an individual's sense of inclusion;fourthly, citizenship as the process of right extension is an emerging focus.The four aspects also provide the analytical framework for the followingchapters.Chapter 3. Government's Understanding of Social Inclusion3.1 Introduction3.2 From Buildings to People: What is Inclusion?3.3 Citizenship as Membership: Gongmin, Renmin, Jumin, or Shimin?3.4 Citizenship as Rights, or as Compensation?3.5 Citizenship as the Process of Struggle for Rights, or as Benevolence?3.6 ConclusionThis chapter explores how the notion of social inclusion is understood by theXi'an government and its implication on citizenship as membership, as rights,and as the process of struggle for rights. Influenced by the Chinese traditionalphilosophies, the local government's interpretation on inclusion mainly focuson urban membership with associated social benefits, and villagers areconsidered as passive actors who receive benefits out of governors'benevolence. This interpretation implies a trade-off, by which villagers aremade to compromise on property rights in exchange for social rights.Chapter 4. Villagers' Understanding of Social Inclusion4.1 Introduction4.2 Being Urban Citizen: A Socioeconomic Comparison4.2.1 Financial status of urban villagers4.2.2 Living environments and housing facilities4.2.3 Urban standards? Look at what we had before redevelopments4.3 Citizenship as Identity: Urbanite, Farmer, Somewhere in between4.4 Being Urban Citizen: What the Villagers Strive for?4.5 ConclusionThis chapter explores how the notion of inclusion is understood by thevillagers in terms of citizenship as identity and as the process of struggle for</div&...