Proceedings of the Twelfth International Seaweed Symposium, held in São Paulo, Brazil, July 27-August, 1986.

Inhalt

Opening addresses.- One: Plenary Lectures.- The main seaweed foods in Japan.- Utilization of seaweed hydrocolloids in the food industry.- Two: Minisymposia and Workshop.- Marine algal genetics and genomes (Convenor: J. P. van der Meer).- Using genetic markers in phycological research.- Progress in the genetics and breeding of economic seaweeds in China.- Molecular genetic analysis of variation in Costaria costata (Turner) Saunders.- Production of Spirulina and other microalgae (Convenor: A. Richmond).- The mass cultivation of Spirulina platensis in Brazil.- On the economics of Spirulina production in Chile with details on dragboard mixing in shallow ponds.- Strain selection of Spirulina suitable for mass production.- Recent research on Spirulina in Italy.- A pond for edible Spirulina production and its hydraulic studies.- Experiments on Spirulina culture on waste-effluent media and at the pilot plant.- Spirulina, real aid to development.- The mass culture of Dunaliella salina for ?-carotene: from pilot plant to production plant.- Competition between Dunaliella species at high salinity.- The challenge confronting industrial microagriculture: high photosynthetic efficiency in large-scale reactors.- Applications of biotechnology to algae (Convenor: A. Gibor).- Enzymatic removal of the cell walls from zygotes of Fucus distichus (L.) Powell (Phaeophyta).- Calluses and callus-like growth in seaweeds: Induction and culture.- Structures and functions of the polysaccharides from the cell wall ofGracilaria verrucosa (Rhodophyceae, Gigartinales).- Tissue and cell culture of New Zealand Pterocladia and Porphyra species.- Molecular markers for marine algal polysaccharides.- Carrageenan analysis of tissue cultures and whole plants of Agardhiella subulata.- Economic aspects of seaweed cultivation (Convenor: M. Neushul).- Macroalgal commercialization in the Orient.- Useful European seaweeds: past hopes and present cultivation.- Macroalgal commercialization in the United States.- Workshop on algal polysaccharides (Convenor: I. J. Miller).- Three: Contributed Papers.- Morphology and taxonomy.- Taxonomy of some North Atlantic Dictyota species (Phaeophyta).- Patterns of apical structure in the genera Gelidium and Pterocladia (Gelidiaceae, Rhodophyta).- Morphogenesis of the frond of Gracilaria verrucosa (Huds.) Papenfuss: the differentiation of vegetative and sexual areas.- Analytical pyrolysis as a taxonomic tool in Gracilaria (Rhodophyta: Gigartinales).- Indications of species status from total protein signatures in Callithamnion (Ceramiaceae).- Is the frequency of apomeiosis in the Rhodophyta a genetic character?.- Ecology and distribution.- Endophytic algae of Irish moss (Chondrus crispus Stackh.).- Growth response of two Laminaria saccharina populations to environmental variation.- Effects of epifauna on algal growth and quality of the agar produced by Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss.- Gracilaria verrucosa in Golfo Nuevo, Chubut, Argentina. Biological parameters and environmental factors.- Presence and development of populations of the introduced brown alga Sargassum muticum in the southwest Netherlands.- Distribution and use of some economically important seaweeds in Iceland.- Observations on the deep-water flora of Bermuda.- Community metabolism on rocky-shore assemblages in a mesocosm: A. Fluctuations in production, respiration, chlorophyll a content and C:N ratios of grazed and non-grazed assemblages.- Effects of diesel oil and subsequent recovery of commercial benthic algae.- Uses of seaweeds as biomonitors of zinc levels in Cork Harbour, Ireland.- Resources: assessment, development and management.- New developments in the seaweed industry of New Zealand.- Production of Chilean Gracilaria: problems and perspectives.- The collection, utilization and potential farming of red seaweeds in Namibia.- Management of a Gracilaria natural bed in Lenga, Chile: A case study.- Biological bases for management of Iridaea laminarioides Bory in southern Chile.- A harvesting strategy for Iridaea laminarioides in central Chile.- Use of projection matrix models in the assessment of harvesting strategies for Sargassum.- Fishing and catch characteristics of an eastern Canadian Irish moss (Chondrus crispus Stackh.) dragraker.- Growth and production in wild and cultured stocks of Chondrus crispus.- Cultivation biology and techniques.- Culture of Eucheuma cottonii and Eucheuma spinosum in Indonesia.- Farming of Eucheuma in the south Pacific islands of Fiji.- Seaweed culture in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.- Culture of Gracilaria sp. in outdoor tanks: productivity.- Growth of Gracilaria sp. in the laboratory.- Preliminary experiments on the cultivation of the brown alga Laminaria (Phaeophyta) Lamouroux in Brazil.- An economic appraisal for the onshore cultivation of Laminaria spp..- Growth rates in culture of several species of Sargassum from Florida, USA.- Microorganisms as digestors of seaweed cell walls.- Physiology.- Effects of PCBs and hydrazine on life processes in microscopic stages of selected brown seaweeds.- Use of Cystoseira and Sargassum embryonic sporophytes for testing toxicity effects.- Acute toxicity of nonpersistent oils on Porphyra and Monostroma.- Nitrogen metabolism in Gracilaria secundata Harv..- The efficacy of dissolved inorganic nitrogen for quality in cultivated laver.- Critical light conditions for young Ecklonia cava and Eisenia bicyclis with reference, to photosynthesis.- Studies on the distribution and metabolism of D-rhodoic acid in algae.- Chemical composition and properties.- Antibiotic activity of lipid-soluble extracts from Caribbean marine algae.- Fatty acids as antimicrobial substances in brown algae.- Preliminary information on the ascorbic acid content in some Adriatic seaweeds.- Biological activity in Macrocystis pyrifera from Argentina: sodium alginate, fucoidan and laminaran. I. Antitumor, cytotoxicity and humoral immune response.- Biological activity in Macrocystis pyrifera from Argentina: sodium alginate, fucoidan and laminaran. II. Genotoxicity.- Biological activity in Macrocystis pyrifera from Argentina: sodium alginate, fucoidan and laminaran. III. Antiviral activity.- Seasonal fluctuations of growth rate and chemical composition of Gracilaria cf. conferta in outdoor culture in Israel.- Studies of the yield of agar, gel strength and quality of agar of Gracilaria edulis (Gmel.) Silva from Brazil.- Protein and amino acids analysis during alimentary-agar extraction from Gelidium sesquipedale.- Chemical structure and characteristics.- The chemical substitution of the agar-type polysaccharide from Gracilaria secundata f. pseudoflagellifera (Rhodophyta).- Polysaccharides from nuclear phases of Iridaea ciliata and I. membranacea.- Seasonal study of carrageenan structures from female gametophytes of Chondrus crispus Stackhouse (Rhodophyta).- Characteristics of alginate from Laminaria digitata cultivated in a high-phosphate environment.- Extraction of alginic acid from a Brazilian brown alga, Laminaria brasiliensis.- Isolation and characterization of hydrogenase from Spirulina platensis.- Purification and some properties of L-amino acid oxidase from Amphiroa crassissima Yendo.- Molecular biology and molecular genetics.- Genetic analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae alginate lyase by transposon Tn10 mutagenesis.- Chemical Components Index.- Taxonomic Index.- Author Index.