Western philosophy has long nurtured the hope to resolve moral controversies through reason; thereby to secure moral direction and human meaning without the need for a defining encounter with God or the transcendent. The expectation is for a moral rationality that is universal and able adequately to frame and guide the moral life. Moral and cultural unity was sought though philosophical reflection on human nature and the basic goods of a properly nurtured and virtuous life-that is, through appeal to what has come to be called the natural law.

The natural law addresses permissible moral choice through objective understandings of human nature and human goods. Persons are obligated to act in ways that are compatible with creating and integrating the basic human goods into their lives and the lives of others. Such goods provide the basis for practical reasoning about virtuous choices and immediate reasons for action. The goal is the making of rational choices in the pursuit of a virtuous, flourishing, human life. Natural law theorists have argued extensively against human cloning, abortion, and same-gender marriage.

Yet, whose assumptions regarding human nature should guide our understanding of the basic goods that mark the full flourishing human life? Moreover, why should nature, even human nature, be thought of as a moral boundary beyond which one must not trespass? Persons may wish actively to direct human evolution, utilizing the tools of both imagination and biotechnology. Perhaps nature is simply a challenge to be addressed, overcome, and set aside.

This volume is a critical exploration of natural law theory.

Inhalt
The Normativity of the Natural: Can Philosophers Pull Morality Out of the Magic Hat of Human Nature?.- The Normativity of the Natural: Can Philosophers Pull Morality Out of the Magic Hat of Human Nature?.- Thomistic Foundations: Natural Law Theory, Synderesis and Practical Reason.- Human Nature and Its Limits.- Synderesis, Law, and Virtue.- Human Nature and Moral Goodness.- Natural Law for Teaching Ethics: An Essential Tool and Not a Seamless Web.- Human Goods and Human Flourishing: Revitalizing a Fallen Moral Culture.- Quid Ipse Sis Nosse Desisti.- Preparation for the Cure.- Diagnosing Cultural Progress and Decline.- The Malleability of Human Nature.- Reflections on Secular Foundationalism and Our Human Future.- Nature as Second Nature: Plasticity and Habit.- The Posthumanist Challenge to a Partly Naturalized Virtue Ethics.- The Challenge of Deriving an Ought from an Is.- Can Moral Norms Be Derived from Nature? The Incompatibility of Natural Scientific Investigation and Moral Norm Generation.- Moral Acquaintances and Natural Facts in the Darwinian Age.