Adsorption Refrigeration Technology

Gives readers a detailed understanding of adsorption refrigeration technology, with a focus on practical applications and environmental concerns

Systematically covering the technology of adsorption refrigeration, this book provides readers with a technical understanding of the topic as well as detailed information on the state-of-the-art from leading researchers in the field. Introducing readers to background on the development of adsorption refrigeration, the authors also cover the development of adsorbents, various thermodynamic theories, the design of adsorption systems and adsorption refrigeration cycles. The book guides readers through the research process, covering key aspects such as: the principle of adsorption refrigeration; choosing adsorbents according to different characteristics; thermodynamic equations; methods for the design of heat exchangers for adsorbers; and the advanced adsorption cycles needed. It is also valuable as a reference for professionals working in these areas.

• Covers state-of-the art of adsorption research and technologies for relevant applications, working from adsorption working pairs through to the application of adsorption refrigeration technology for low grade heat recovery

• Assesses sustainable alternatives to traditional refrigeration methods, such as the application of adsorption refrigeration systems for solar energy and waste heat

• Includes a key chapter on the design of adsorption refrigeration systems as a tutorial for readers new to the topic; the calculation models for different components and working processes are also included

• Takes real-world examples giving an insight into existing products and installations and enabling readers to apply the knowledge to their own work

Academics researching low grade energy utilization and refrigeration; Graduate students of refrigeration and low grade energy utilization; Experienced engineers wanting to renew knowledge of adsorption technology,Engineers working at companies developing adsorption chillers; Graduate students working on thermally driven systems; Advanced undergraduates for the Refrigeration Principle as a part of thermal driven refrigeration technology.

Autorentext

Ruzhu Wang, Liwei Wang, Jingyi Wu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

Inhalt
About the Authors xiii

Preface xv

Acknowledgments xvii

Nomenclature xix

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Adsorption Phenomena 2

1.2 Fundamental Principle of Adsorption Refrigeration 3

1.3 The History of Adsorption Refrigeration Technology 5

1.4 Current Research on Solid Adsorption Refrigeration 7

1.4.1 Adsorption Working Pairs 7

1.4.2 Heat Transfer Intensification Technology of Adsorption Bed 8

1.4.3 Low Grade Heat Utilization 10

1.4.4 Solar Energy Utilization 11

1.4.5 Advanced Adsorption Refrigeration Cycle 12

1.4.6 Commercialized Adsorption Chillers 14

1.4.7 Current Researches on the Adsorption Theory 15

References 18

2 Adsorption Working Pairs 23

2.1 Adsorbents 23

2.1.1 Physical Adsorbents 23

2.1.2 Chemical Adsorbents 28

2.1.3 Composite Adsorbents 29

2.2 Refrigerants 30

2.2.1 Most Common Refrigerants 30

2.2.2 Other Refrigerants 31

2.3 Adsorption Working Pairs 31

2.3.1 Physical Adsorption 31

2.3.2 Chemical Adsorption Working Pairs 33

2.3.3 The Heat and Mass Transfer Intensification Technology and Composite Adsorbents 35

2.4 Equilibrium Adsorption Models 36

2.4.1 Equilibrium Models for Physical Adsorption 37

2.4.2 Equilibrium Models for Chemical Adsorption 38

2.5 Methods to Measure Adsorption Performances 39

2.6 Comparison of Different Adsorption Refrigeration Pairs 42

References 43

3 Mechanism and Thermodynamic Properties of Physical Adsorption 47

3.1 Adsorption Equations 48

3.1.1 Polanyi Adsorption Potential Theory and Adsorption Equation 48

3.1.2 The Improved Adsorption Equation 52

3.1.3 Simplified D-A Equation and Its Application 56

3.1.4 p-T-x Diagram for Gas-Solid Two Phases Equilibrium 58

3.2 Adsorption and Desorption Heat 60

3.2.1 Thermodynamic Derivation of the Adsorption Heat 61

3.2.2 Simplified Formula of Adsorption and Desorption Heat 62

3.3 Equilibrium Adsorption and Adsorption Rate 63

3.3.1 The Equilibrium Adsorption and Non-equilibrium Adsorption Process 63

3.3.2 Diffusion Process of Adsorbate Inside Adsorbent 65

3.3.3 The Adsorption Rate and the Mass Transfer Coefficient Inside the Adsorbent 66

3.3.4 Typical Model of Adsorption Rate 67

References 68

4 Mechanism and Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Adsorption 71

4.1 The Complexation Mechanism of Metal ChlorideAmmonia 71

4.2 The Clapeyron Equation of Metal Chloride-Ammonia 72

4.2.1 The General Clapeyron Equations 72

4.2.2 The Principle and Clapeyron Diagram of Metal Chloride-Ammonia Adsorption Refrigeration 74

4.3 Chemical Adsorption Precursor State of Metal ChlorideAmmonia 76

4.3.1 Chemical Adsorbent with Different Expansion Space 78

4.3.2 Attenuation Performance of the Adsorbent and Its Chemical Adsorption Precursor State 80

4.3.3 Isobaric Adsorption Performance and Activated Energy 83

4.4 Reaction Kinetic Models of Metal ChloridesAmmonia 84

4.4.1 The Model Based on Phenomena and Proposed by Tykodi 85

4.4.2 The Global Reaction Model Proposed by Mazet 85

4.4.3 The Model Based on the Phenomena and Proposed by Goetz 86

4.4.4 Other Simplified Chemisorption Models 89

4.5 Refrigeration Principle and Van't Hoff Diagram for Metal HydridesHydrogen 91

4.5.1 Adsorption Refrigeration Characteristics and Van't Hoff Diagram 91

4.5.2 The Novel Adsorption Refrigeration Theory of Metal HydridesHydrogen 93

References 94

5 Adsorption Mechanism and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Composite Adsorbents 97

5.1 The Characteristics of Porous Media 97

5.1.1 Activated Carbon Fiber 98

5.1.2 The Characteristics of Graphite 99

5.1.3 Expanded Natural Graphite (ENG) 100 5.1.4 Expanded Natural Graphite Treated...