This volume discusses how plant and algae organisms play a pivotal role in the transformation of solar energy to essential metabolites, and explores the numerous beneficial roles these metabolites have at an industrial level. It presents information on the utilization of plant and algae for biomass production, and shows how this is a practical option for large scale biofuel production. The book examines how these bio-metabolites can then be used to extract biofuel. Biomass produced from plants and algae can act as the source of feedstock for biofuel production and industrially important compounds. This book also explores that by curtailing culturing cost using wastewater, seawater, and industrial water as a nutrient and water source, biomass becomes an economical energy source. The introductory chapters of the book focus on the appreciative values of a pollution-free atmosphere, with special reference to enhanced greenhouse effect, and then are followed by chapters on the potential ofplant and algae as a liquid energy resource. This book targets researchers, graduate students, and energy and fuel industry professionals interested in the plant sciences, biotechnology and renewable energy.

Autorentext
Dr. Rouf Ahmad Bhat (Ph.D) has pursued his doctorate at Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir (Division of Environmental Science) and presently working in the Department of School Education, Government of Jammu and Kashmir. Dr. Bhat has been teaching graduate and postgraduate students of Environmental Sciences for the past three years. He is an author of more than 50 research articles (h-index 19; i-index 27; total citation >890) and 40 book chapters, and has published more than 28 books with international publishers (Springer, Elsevier, CRC Press Taylor and Francis, Apple Academic Press, John Wiley, IGI Global). He has his specialisation in Limnology, Toxicology, Phytochemistry and Phytoremediation. Dr. Bhat has presented and participated in numerous State, National and International conferences, seminars, workshops and symposium. Besides, he has worked as an associate Environmental Expert in World Bank-funded Flood Recovery Project and also the Environmental Support Staff in the Asian Development Bank (ADB) funded development projects. He has received many awards, appreciations and recognition for his services to the science of water testing, air and noise analysis. He has served as editorial board member and reviewer of reputed international journals. Dr. Bhat is still writing and experimenting with diverse capacities of plants for use in aquatic pollution remediation.
Dig Vijay Singh has done his master degrees from Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir (Division of Environmental Science) and pursuing his doctorate from School of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Central University, Lucknow. He has published 08 research articles in reputed journal (Springer and Elsevier), and 16 book chapters in international publishers (Springer, Elsevier, CRC Press Taylor& Francis, Apple Academic Press, John Wiley, IGI Global). His specialization is in wastewater treatment, phycoremediation, metal toxicity, stress physiology, antioxidants defense mechanisms, and biofuel production. Singh has presented and participated in several state and national conferences, seminars and workshops.
Dr. Fernanda Maria Policarpo Tonelli is specialized in Molecular Biology and has been studying biotechnological topics like gene delivery approaches (using engineered viral particles and nanomaterials) aiming transgenesis. She has taught topics related to Biochemistry and Molecular Biology to graduate students. Dr. Tonelli has authored 12 scientific articles and more than 20 book chapters from international publishers and has reviewed various articles/book proposals. She has presented and participated in numerous national and international conferences and has also had the opportunity to contribute to the organization of various scientific events. Dr Tonelli has also dedicated herself to promote Science and Technology co-funding an ONG with this purpose and also joining a scientific divulgation group composed only by women. She has had her efforts as a researcher recognized by various awards (including For Women in Science Brazil-L'Oreal/UNESCO/ABC and Under30 Brazil Forbes) and certificates of merit.
Dr Khalid Rehman Hakeem (PhD, FRSB) is presently working as Professor at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. After completed his PhD (Botany; specialization in Plant Ecophysiology and Molecular Biology) from Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India in 2011, he has worked as Assistant Prof. at the University of Kashmir, Srinagar for a short period. Later he joined Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia and worked there as Post Doctorate Fellow in 2012 and Fellow Researcher (Associate Prof.) from 2013-2016 respectively. He joined King Abdulaziz University in August 2016 and was promoted to professorship recently.Dr Hakeem has more than twelve years of teaching and research experience in Plant Eco-Physiology, Biotechnology & Molecular biology, Medicinal plant research, Plant-Microbe-soil interactions as well as in Environmental studies. He is the recipient of several fellowships at both national and international levels. He has recently been elected as the Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology, London. Prof. Hakeem has served as the Visiting Scientist at Fatih Universiti, Istanbul, Turkey as well as at Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. Currently, he is involved with a number of international research projects with different Govt. organizations. So far, Dr Hakeem has authored and edited more than 60 books with International publishers, including Springer Nature, Academic Press (Elsevier), CRC Press etc. He has also to his credit 121 research publications in peer reviewed international journals and 65...

Inhalt

Introduction
Values of pollution free atmosphere with special reference to enhanced greenhouse effect
Plant and algae classes recognition, biomass production and potential source of biofuel
Plant and algae metabolites alternative and clean source of energy
Mechanism and methods of extraction biofuel from plant and algae metabolites
Metabolic routes to enhance extraction of biofuel
Optimizations on steps involved on biofuel obtainment and their validation
Economic considerations on biofuel
Technical challenges of biofuel obtainment
Conclusion and Future Perspectives