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Essential Orthodontics: Diagnosis and Treatment is designed
to help dental students, orthodontic residents, and general
dentists understand the basic concepts and procedures essential to
the diagnosis, treatment planning, and treatment of patients who
have relatively simple malocclusion problems.
The authors explain the steps of diagnosing basic orthodontic
problems and analyzing dental radiographs and include many of the
forms and charts dentists use for examination, diagnosis, and
appliance design. Readers will learn about the mechanics of how
appliances move teeth, the different types of appliances, and the
orthodontic materials on the market. The authors also explain and
demonstrate through color photos how to take dental impressions,
create plaster casts, how to create the various fixed and removable
appliances, and how to write a laboratory prescription for each
appliance. A needed text for the dental student, it is also an
excellent resource for dentists wanting to expand their
services.
Autorentext
Robert N. Staley, D.D.S., M.A., M.S., is a professor in the
Orthodontic Department at the University of Iowa College of
Dentistry, where he has been on faculty since 1970. He is a
diplomate of the American Board of Orthodontics, and among his many
awards he received the Student Research Group Mentor of the Year
Award for 2003-2004. Dr. Staley has served as an editorial
consultant for various peer-reviewed journals and sits on the
editorial board for The Angle Orthodontist.
Neil T. Reske, M.A., also from the University of Iowa
College of Dentistry, teaches dental students, orthodontic
residents, and pediatric dentistry residents the principles and
techniques of laboratory appliance fabrication.
Zusammenfassung
Essential Orthodontics: Diagnosis and Treatment is designed to help dental students, orthodontic residents, and general dentists understand the basic concepts and procedures essential to the diagnosis, treatment planning, and treatment of patients who have relatively simple malocclusion problems.
The authors explain the steps of diagnosing basic orthodontic problems and analyzing dental radiographs and include many of the forms and charts dentists use for examination, diagnosis, and appliance design. Readers will learn about the mechanics of how appliances move teeth, the different types of appliances, and the orthodontic materials on the market. The authors also explain and demonstrate through color photos how to take dental impressions, create plaster casts, how to create the various fixed and removable appliances, and how to write a laboratory prescription for each appliance. A needed text for the dental student, it is also an excellent resource for dentists wanting to expand their services.
Inhalt
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction xvii
Chapter 1 Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning 3
Normal and Ideal Occlusion 3
Normal Occlusion in the Primary Dentition 4
Centric Occlusion and Centric Relation 5
Angle Classification of Malocclusion 6
Angle Class I Malocclusion 6
Class I Malocclusions in the Primary and Mixed Dentitions 7
Angle Class II Division 1
Malocclusion 7
Angle Class II Division 2
Malocclusion 8
Class II Malocclusions in the Primary and Mixed Dentitions 8
End-to-End Occlusion 8
Angle Class III Malocclusion 9
Class III Malocclusions in Primary and Mixed Dentitions 9
Super Class I Malocclusions 9
Super Class II and Super Class III Malocclusions 9
Subdivision Malocclusions 9
Class II Subdivision Malocclusions 9
Class III Subdivision Malocclusions 9
Class II-III Subdivision Malocclusions 10
Incisor Dental Compensations in Class II and Class III Malocclusions 10
Iowa Notation System for Angle Classification 10
Rules for Assigning Angle Classification 10
Rating the Severity of a Malocclusion 11
Orthodontic Records 11
Clinical Examination 12
Summary of Findings, Problem List, and Diagnosis 16
Consultation with Patient and/or Parent 17
Chapter 2 Dental Impressions and Study Cast Trimming 19
Study Casts 19
Digital Casts 19
Alginate Impressions 20
Mandibular Impression 20
Maxillary Impression 21
Record of Centric Occlusion 21
Pouring of Plaster Study Casts 22
Study Cast Trimming 22
Chapter 3 Dental Cast Analysis in Adults 33
Tooth SizeArch Length Analysis 33
Measurement of Tooth Size and Arch Length 33
Factors Influencing a Tooth SizeArch Length Analysis 34
Curve of Spee 34
Incisor Inclination and Anteroposterior Position 36
Second and Third Molar Evaluation 36
Comparison of TSALD Analysis and the Irregularity Index 37
Arch Width Measurements 37
Diagnostic Setup 38
Bolton Analysis 38
Overbite and Overjet Measurements 40
Mandibular Crowding 42
Tooth Widths in Normal Occlusion 42
Chapter 4 Dental Cast Analysis in the Mixed Dentition 43
Tooth SizeArch Length Analysis 43
Prediction of the Widths of Nonerupted Canines and Premolars 44
Radiographic Enlargement of Nonerupted Canines and Premolars 45
Revised Hixon-Oldfather Prediction Method 45
Iowa Prediction Method for Both Arches 48
Upper Arch 48
Lower Arch 48
Standard Error of Estimate 48
Radiograph Image Problems 53
Proportional Equation Prediction Method 53
Tanaka and Johnston Prediction Method 54
Measurement of Arch Lengths on Casts 54
Measurement Instruments and Guidelines 55
Factors that Influence a Mixed-Dentition Arch Length Analysis 55
Interpretation of a Mixed- Dentition Arch Length Analysis 55
Chapter 5 Radiographic Analysis 57
Periapical Survey 57
Panoramic Radiograph 57
Occlusal Radiographs 61
Cone Beam Radiographs 62
Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs 64
Anatomic Landmarks 65
Cephalometric Landmarks 65
Cephalometric Point Locations 66
Cephalometric Planes 67
Cephalometric Angles and Distances 68
Skeletal Angles and Distances 68
Dental Angles 69
Distances of Incisors to Anterior Vertical Lines 69
Cephalometric Norms and Treatment Goals 71
Lateral Cephalometric Tracing 71
Posteroanterior Cephalometric Radiograph 72
Analog versus Digital Radiography 73 **Cha...